𐽳𐽶𐽲𐽳𐽾

Old Uyghur

Uyghur native spelling

Etymology

Uncertain. Most likely from a Common Turkic term, but no internal etymology have been yet satisfactorily made.

Unrelated to Old Uyghur 𐽳𐽸𐽹𐽰𐽷 (udmak), Proto-Turkic *ud- (“to follow, to conform”).

Cognates include Old Turkic 𐰆𐰖𐰍𐰺 (uy¹ǧr¹), Middle Chinese 回鶻 (ɦuʌiɦˠuɛt̚) and Chinese 回族 (Huízú, “Hui people”).

Proper noun

𐽳𐽶𐽲𐽳𐽾 (Uygur /wyqwr/)

1. Uyghur
   • c. 10th century, Maitrisimit Nom Bitig (Maitreyasamitināṭaka Manuscript in Old Uyghur)‎^[1], MaitrGeng 0023-0027):

     𐽰𐽳𐽺 𐽳𐽶𐽲𐽳𐽾 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶 𐾈 𐽰𐽳𐾀𐽳𐽴 𐾀𐽶𐽷𐽶𐾀 𐽰𐽳𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽺𐽶 𐾈 𐾀𐽳𐽵𐾄𐽳𐽴 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽽𐽶 𐽼𐽶𐾁𐽷𐽰𐽻𐽶 𐾈 𐽹𐽶𐽺𐽷 𐾀𐽰𐽼𐽶𐽺𐽳𐽾 𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽹𐽰𐽺 𐽰𐽶𐽽𐽾𐽰𐽷𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶 𐽼𐽶𐽾𐾁𐽰 𐽹𐽶𐽺𐽷 𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽹𐽰𐽺 𐽶𐽶𐾁𐽵𐾄𐽰 𐾀𐽰𐽷𐽶 𐽰𐽶𐾁 𐽰𐽰𐽿𐾅𐽰𐽶𐽳 𐽶𐽾𐾁𐽶𐽵𐾄𐽰𐽹𐽰𐽵𐾄𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶 𐽼𐽳𐾁𐽴𐽳𐽺𐾁𐽰𐽾 𐾈

     On Uygur éli; otuz tégit oglanï, tokuz élči bilgesi, mïŋ tapïnur, tümen ičrekileri birle mïŋ tümen yïlka tegi él ašayu yarlïkamaklarï bolzunlar.

     Ten-Uyghurs' State; with its thirty prince sons, its nine ministers, with thousand servants and ten thousand members of its court will enjoy up to a million years as an empire!

   • (Can we date this quote?), Mahākaruṇika-nāma-ārya Avalokiteśvara Dhāraṇī-anuśaṃsa-sahita-sūtrāt-saṃgr̥hītā fragments; Buddhist Old Uyghur Texts from Turfan‎^[2], BT13.39.v02-04 (01-04):

     𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽲𐽳𐽾 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽹𐽴 𐽰 𐽰𐽰𐾁𐽵𐽶𐽻𐾁𐽶𐽲𐽶𐽺 𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽾𐽳𐾁𐽹𐽶𐽻 𐽰𐽰𐾁𐽲𐽰𐾀𐽹𐽶𐽻 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽲𐽳𐽾 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽹𐽴

     Uygur Élimiz! A alkïšlïgïn adrulmïš alkatmïš Uygur Élimiz!

     Our Uyghur Khaganate! Oh, our much blessed and praised Uyghur Khaganate!

Derived terms

• 𐽳𐽶𐽲𐽳𐽾𐽽𐽰 (Uygurča, “Old Uyghur language”)
• 𐽳𐽶𐽲𐽳𐽾 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶 (Uygur Éli, “Uyghur Khaganate”)
• 𐽳𐽶𐽲𐽳𐽾 𐾀𐽶𐾁𐽶 (Uygur Tili, “Old Uyghur language”)

Alternate forms

• 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽲𐽳𐽾 (ʾwyqwr)

References

• Caferoğlu, Ahmet (1968) “Uyġur (≈ Uiġur)”, in Eski Uygur Türkçesi Sözlüğü (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 260) (in Turkish), Istanbul: Edebiyat Fakültesi Basımevi, page 269
• Wilkens, Jens (2021) “uygur”, in Handworterbuch des Altuigurischen, Göttingen: Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, page 810