๐‘€“๐‘€ธ๐‘€…

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Prakrit

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Inherited from Sanskrit เค•เคพเค• (kฤฬka, โ€œcrowโ€, onomatopoeia). Cognate with Sauraseni Prakrit ๐‘€“๐‘€ธ๐‘€• (kฤga), Pali kฤka.

Noun

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๐‘€“๐‘€ธ๐‘€… (kฤam (Devanagari เค•เคพเค…, Kannada เฒ•เฒพเฒ…, feminine ๐‘€“๐‘€ธ๐‘€ˆ) (Mฤhฤrฤแนฃแนญrฤซ)

  1. crow
    Synonym: ๐‘€ฏ๐‘€ธ๐‘€…๐‘€ฒ (vฤasa)
    • c. 200 CE โ€“ 600 CE, Hฤla, Gฤhฤ Sattasaฤซ 564:
      ๐‘€ฅ๐‘€ธ๐‘€ญ๐‘€ธ๐‘€ฅ๐‘€ผ๐‘€ฏ๐‘†๐‘€ฏ๐‘€๐‘€ข๐‘€ซ๐‘€ผ๐‘€ณ๐‘€ธ ๐‘€ฎ๐‘€๐‘€ฏ๐‘€บ๐‘€…๐‘€ฏ๐‘€“๐‘†๐‘€”๐‘€ธ ๐‘€ก๐‘€บ๐‘€‰๐‘€๐‘€˜๐‘€บ๐‘€…๐‘€•๐‘†๐‘€•๐‘€ป๐‘€ฏ๐‘€ธ
      ๐‘€ฏ๐‘€‡๐‘€ฏ๐‘‚๐‘€ ๐‘€ก๐‘‚๐‘€ฒ๐‘€ผ ๐‘€“๐‘€ธ๐‘€† ๐‘€ฒ๐‘€ฝ๐‘€ฎ๐‘€ธ๐‘€ณ๐‘€บ๐‘€ก๐‘†๐‘€ก-๐‘€ฏ๐‘†๐‘€ฏ ๐‘€ค๐‘€ป๐‘€ฒ๐‘€๐‘€ข๐‘€บ
      dhฤrฤdhuvvaแนƒtamuhฤ laแนƒviavakkhฤ แน‡iuแนƒciaggฤซvฤ
      vaรฏveแธhaแน‡esu kฤฤ sลซlฤhiแน‡แน‡a-vva dฤซsaแนƒti
      • 2009 translation by Peter Khoroche and Herman Tieken
        The crows on the boundary fence with their faces bedraggled, their wings drooping, their necks sunken,
        Look as though they had been impaled.

Declension

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Maharastri declension of ๐‘€“๐‘€ธ๐‘€… (masculine)
singular plural
Nominative ๐‘€“๐‘€ธ๐‘€‘ (kฤo) ๐‘€“๐‘€ธ๐‘€† (kฤฤ)
Accusative ๐‘€“๐‘€ธ๐‘€…๐‘€ (kฤaแนƒ) ๐‘€“๐‘€ธ๐‘€ (kฤe) or ๐‘€“๐‘€ธ๐‘€† (kฤฤ)
Instrumental ๐‘€“๐‘€ธ๐‘€๐‘€ก (kฤeแน‡a) or ๐‘€“๐‘€ธ๐‘€๐‘€ก๐‘€ (kฤeแน‡aแนƒ) ๐‘€“๐‘€ธ๐‘€๐‘€ณ๐‘€บ (kฤehi) or ๐‘€“๐‘€ธ๐‘€๐‘€ณ๐‘€บ๐‘€ (kฤehiแนƒ)
Dative ๐‘€“๐‘€ธ๐‘€†๐‘€… (kฤฤa) โ€”
Ablative ๐‘€“๐‘€ธ๐‘€†๐‘€‘ (kฤฤo) or ๐‘€“๐‘€ธ๐‘€†๐‘€‰ (kฤฤu) or ๐‘€“๐‘€ธ๐‘€† (kฤฤ) or ๐‘€“๐‘€ธ๐‘€†๐‘€ณ๐‘€บ (kฤฤhi) or ๐‘€“๐‘€ธ๐‘€†๐‘€ณ๐‘€บ๐‘€๐‘€ข๐‘„ (kฤฤhiแนƒto) โ€”
Genitive ๐‘€“๐‘€ธ๐‘€…๐‘€ฒ๐‘†๐‘€ฒ (kฤassa) ๐‘€“๐‘€ธ๐‘€†๐‘€ก (kฤฤแน‡a) or ๐‘€“๐‘€ธ๐‘€†๐‘€ก๐‘€ (kฤฤแน‡aแนƒ)
Locative ๐‘€“๐‘€ธ๐‘€…๐‘€ซ๐‘†๐‘€ซ๐‘€บ (kฤammi) or ๐‘€“๐‘€ธ๐‘€ (kฤe) ๐‘€“๐‘€ธ๐‘€๐‘€ฒ๐‘€ผ (kฤesu) or ๐‘€“๐‘€ธ๐‘€๐‘€ฒ๐‘€ผ๐‘€ (kฤesuแนƒ)
Vocative ๐‘€“๐‘€ธ๐‘€… (kฤa) or ๐‘€“๐‘€ธ๐‘€† (kฤฤ) ๐‘€“๐‘€ธ๐‘€† (kฤฤ)

Derived terms

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References

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  • Sheth, Hargovind Das T[rikamcand] (1923โ€“1928) โ€œเค•เคพเคฏโ€, in เคชเคพเค‡เค…-เคธเคฆเฅเคฆ-เคฎเคนเคฃเฅเคฃเคตเฅ‹ [pฤia-sadda-mahaแน‡แน‡avo, Ocean of Prakrit words] (in Hindi), Calcutta: [Published by the Author].
  • Pischel, Richard, Jha, Subhadra (contributor) (1957) Comparative Grammar of the Prakrit Languages, Varanasi: Motilal Banarasidass, page 10
  • Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969โ€“1985) โ€œkฤหŠkaโ€, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press