๐‘€˜๐‘€‰๐‘€ข๐‘†๐‘€ฃ

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Prakrit[edit]

Prakrit numbers (edit)
[a], [b], [c], [d], [e], [f], [g], [h] โ†  3 ๐‘ช
4
5  โ†’ 
    Cardinal: ๐‘€˜๐‘€ข๐‘†๐‘€ข๐‘€ธ๐‘€ญ๐‘„ (cattฤro), ๐‘€˜๐‘€ข๐‘†๐‘€ข๐‘€ธ๐‘€ญ๐‘€บ (cattฤri), ๐‘€˜๐‘€‰๐‘€ญ๐‘„ (caรผro)
    Ordinal: ๐‘€˜๐‘€‰๐‘€ข๐‘†๐‘€ฃ (caรผttha), ๐‘€˜๐‘„๐‘€ข๐‘†๐‘€ฃ (cลttha), ๐‘€˜๐‘€‰๐‘€๐‘†๐‘€ž (caรผแนญแนญha), ๐‘€ข๐‘€ผ๐‘€ญ๐‘€บ๐‘€… (turia), ๐‘€˜๐‘€ค๐‘€ผ๐‘€ข๐‘†๐‘€ฃ (caduttha)

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Inherited from Sanskrit ๐‘€˜๐‘€ข๐‘€ผ๐‘€ญ๐‘†๐‘€ฃ (caturthรก). Cognate with Pali catuttha.

Adjective[edit]

๐‘€˜๐‘€‰๐‘€ข๐‘†๐‘€ฃ (caรผttha) (Devanagari เคšเค‰เคคเฅเคฅ, Kannada เฒšเฒ‰เฒคเณเฒฅ) (Maharastri, Jain Maharastri, Ardhamagadhi) (ordinal number)

  1. fourth

Declension[edit]

Maharastri declension of ๐‘€˜๐‘€‰๐‘€ข๐‘†๐‘€ฃ (masculine)
singular plural
Nominative ๐‘€˜๐‘€‰๐‘€ข๐‘†๐‘€ฃ๐‘„ (caรผttho) ๐‘€˜๐‘€‰๐‘€ข๐‘†๐‘€ฃ๐‘€ธ (caรผtthฤ)
Accusative ๐‘€˜๐‘€‰๐‘€ข๐‘†๐‘€ฃ๐‘€ (caรผtthaแนƒ) ๐‘€˜๐‘€‰๐‘€ข๐‘†๐‘€ฃ๐‘‚ (caรผtthe) or ๐‘€˜๐‘€‰๐‘€ข๐‘†๐‘€ฃ๐‘€ธ (caรผtthฤ)
Instrumental ๐‘€˜๐‘€‰๐‘€ข๐‘†๐‘€ฃ๐‘‚๐‘€ก (caรผttheแน‡a) or ๐‘€˜๐‘€‰๐‘€ข๐‘†๐‘€ฃ๐‘‚๐‘€ก๐‘€ (caรผttheแน‡aแนƒ) ๐‘€˜๐‘€‰๐‘€ข๐‘†๐‘€ฃ๐‘‚๐‘€ณ๐‘€บ (caรผtthehi) or ๐‘€˜๐‘€‰๐‘€ข๐‘†๐‘€ฃ๐‘‚๐‘€ณ๐‘€บ๐‘€ (caรผtthehiแนƒ)
Dative ๐‘€˜๐‘€‰๐‘€ข๐‘†๐‘€ฃ๐‘€ธ๐‘€… (caรผtthฤa) โ€”
Ablative ๐‘€˜๐‘€‰๐‘€ข๐‘†๐‘€ฃ๐‘€ธ๐‘€‘ (caรผtthฤo) or ๐‘€˜๐‘€‰๐‘€ข๐‘†๐‘€ฃ๐‘€ธ๐‘€‰ (caรผtthฤu) or ๐‘€˜๐‘€‰๐‘€ข๐‘†๐‘€ฃ๐‘€ธ (caรผtthฤ) or ๐‘€˜๐‘€‰๐‘€ข๐‘†๐‘€ฃ๐‘€ธ๐‘€ณ๐‘€บ (caรผtthฤhi) or ๐‘€˜๐‘€‰๐‘€ข๐‘†๐‘€ฃ๐‘€ธ๐‘€ณ๐‘€บ๐‘€๐‘€ข๐‘„ (caรผtthฤhiแนƒto) โ€”
Genitive ๐‘€˜๐‘€‰๐‘€ข๐‘†๐‘€ฃ๐‘€ฒ๐‘†๐‘€ฒ (caรผtthassa) ๐‘€˜๐‘€‰๐‘€ข๐‘†๐‘€ฃ๐‘€ธ๐‘€ก (caรผtthฤแน‡a) or ๐‘€˜๐‘€‰๐‘€ข๐‘†๐‘€ฃ๐‘€ธ๐‘€ก๐‘€ (caรผtthฤแน‡aแนƒ)
Locative ๐‘€˜๐‘€‰๐‘€ข๐‘†๐‘€ฃ๐‘€ซ๐‘†๐‘€ซ๐‘€บ (caรผtthammi) or ๐‘€˜๐‘€‰๐‘€ข๐‘†๐‘€ฃ๐‘‚ (caรผtthe) ๐‘€˜๐‘€‰๐‘€ข๐‘†๐‘€ฃ๐‘‚๐‘€ฒ๐‘€ผ (caรผtthesu) or ๐‘€˜๐‘€‰๐‘€ข๐‘†๐‘€ฃ๐‘‚๐‘€ฒ๐‘€ผ๐‘€ (caรผtthesuแนƒ)
Vocative ๐‘€˜๐‘€‰๐‘€ข๐‘†๐‘€ฃ (caรผttha) or ๐‘€˜๐‘€‰๐‘€ข๐‘†๐‘€ฃ๐‘€ธ (caรผtthฤ) ๐‘€˜๐‘€‰๐‘€ข๐‘†๐‘€ฃ๐‘€ธ (caรผtthฤ)
Maharastri declension of ๐‘€˜๐‘€‰๐‘€ข๐‘†๐‘€ฃ๐‘€ป (feminine)
singular plural
Nominative ๐‘€˜๐‘€‰๐‘€ข๐‘†๐‘€ฃ๐‘€ป (caรผtthฤซ) ๐‘€˜๐‘€‰๐‘€ข๐‘†๐‘€ฃ๐‘€ป๐‘€‘ (caรผtthฤซo) or ๐‘€˜๐‘€‰๐‘€ข๐‘†๐‘€ฃ๐‘€ป (caรผtthฤซ)
Accusative ๐‘€˜๐‘€‰๐‘€ข๐‘†๐‘€ฃ๐‘€บ๐‘€ (caรผtthiแนƒ) ๐‘€˜๐‘€‰๐‘€ข๐‘†๐‘€ฃ๐‘€ป๐‘€‘ (caรผtthฤซo) or ๐‘€˜๐‘€‰๐‘€ข๐‘†๐‘€ฃ๐‘€ป (caรผtthฤซ)
Instrumental ๐‘€˜๐‘€‰๐‘€ข๐‘†๐‘€ฃ๐‘€ป๐‘€ (caรผtthฤซe) ๐‘€˜๐‘€‰๐‘€ข๐‘†๐‘€ฃ๐‘€ป๐‘€ณ๐‘€บ (caรผtthฤซhi) or ๐‘€˜๐‘€‰๐‘€ข๐‘†๐‘€ฃ๐‘€ป๐‘€ณ๐‘€บ๐‘€ (caรผtthฤซhiแนƒ)
Dative โ€” โ€”
Ablative ๐‘€˜๐‘€‰๐‘€ข๐‘†๐‘€ฃ๐‘€ป๐‘€‘ (caรผtthฤซo) ๐‘€˜๐‘€‰๐‘€ข๐‘†๐‘€ฃ๐‘€ป๐‘€ณ๐‘€บ๐‘€๐‘€ข๐‘„ (caรผtthฤซhiแนƒto)
Genitive ๐‘€˜๐‘€‰๐‘€ข๐‘†๐‘€ฃ๐‘€ป๐‘€ (caรผtthฤซe) ๐‘€˜๐‘€‰๐‘€ข๐‘†๐‘€ฃ๐‘€ป๐‘€ก (caรผtthฤซแน‡a) or ๐‘€˜๐‘€‰๐‘€ข๐‘†๐‘€ฃ๐‘€ป๐‘€ก๐‘€ (caรผtthฤซแน‡aแนƒ)
Locative ๐‘€˜๐‘€‰๐‘€ข๐‘†๐‘€ฃ๐‘€ป๐‘€ (caรผtthฤซe) ๐‘€˜๐‘€‰๐‘€ข๐‘†๐‘€ฃ๐‘€ป๐‘€ฒ๐‘€ผ (caรผtthฤซsu) or ๐‘€˜๐‘€‰๐‘€ข๐‘†๐‘€ฃ๐‘€ป๐‘€ฒ๐‘€ผ๐‘€ (caรผtthฤซsuแนƒ)
Vocative ๐‘€˜๐‘€‰๐‘€ข๐‘†๐‘€ฃ๐‘€บ (caรผtthi) or ๐‘€˜๐‘€‰๐‘€ข๐‘†๐‘€ฃ๐‘€ป (caรผtthฤซ) ๐‘€˜๐‘€‰๐‘€ข๐‘†๐‘€ฃ๐‘€ป๐‘€‘ (caรผtthฤซo) or ๐‘€˜๐‘€‰๐‘€ข๐‘†๐‘€ฃ๐‘€ป (caรผtthฤซ)
Maharastri declension of ๐‘€˜๐‘€‰๐‘€ข๐‘†๐‘€ฃ (neuter)
singular plural
Nominative ๐‘€˜๐‘€‰๐‘€ข๐‘†๐‘€ฃ๐‘€ (caรผtthaแนƒ) ๐‘€˜๐‘€‰๐‘€ข๐‘†๐‘€ฃ๐‘€ธ๐‘€‡๐‘€ (caรผtthฤiแนƒ) or ๐‘€˜๐‘€‰๐‘€ข๐‘†๐‘€ฃ๐‘€ธ๐‘€‡ (caรผtthฤi)
Accusative ๐‘€˜๐‘€‰๐‘€ข๐‘†๐‘€ฃ๐‘€ (caรผtthaแนƒ) ๐‘€˜๐‘€‰๐‘€ข๐‘†๐‘€ฃ๐‘€ธ๐‘€‡๐‘€ (caรผtthฤiแนƒ) or ๐‘€˜๐‘€‰๐‘€ข๐‘†๐‘€ฃ๐‘€ธ๐‘€‡ (caรผtthฤi)
Instrumental ๐‘€˜๐‘€‰๐‘€ข๐‘†๐‘€ฃ๐‘‚๐‘€ก (caรผttheแน‡a) or ๐‘€˜๐‘€‰๐‘€ข๐‘†๐‘€ฃ๐‘‚๐‘€ก๐‘€ (caรผttheแน‡aแนƒ) ๐‘€˜๐‘€‰๐‘€ข๐‘†๐‘€ฃ๐‘‚๐‘€ณ๐‘€บ (caรผtthehi) or ๐‘€˜๐‘€‰๐‘€ข๐‘†๐‘€ฃ๐‘‚๐‘€ณ๐‘€บ๐‘€ (caรผtthehiแนƒ)
Dative ๐‘€˜๐‘€‰๐‘€ข๐‘†๐‘€ฃ๐‘€ธ๐‘€… (caรผtthฤa) โ€”
Ablative ๐‘€˜๐‘€‰๐‘€ข๐‘†๐‘€ฃ๐‘€ธ๐‘€‘ (caรผtthฤo) or ๐‘€˜๐‘€‰๐‘€ข๐‘†๐‘€ฃ๐‘€ธ๐‘€‰ (caรผtthฤu) or ๐‘€˜๐‘€‰๐‘€ข๐‘†๐‘€ฃ๐‘€ธ (caรผtthฤ) or ๐‘€˜๐‘€‰๐‘€ข๐‘†๐‘€ฃ๐‘€ธ๐‘€ณ๐‘€บ (caรผtthฤhi) or ๐‘€˜๐‘€‰๐‘€ข๐‘†๐‘€ฃ๐‘€ธ๐‘€ณ๐‘€บ๐‘€๐‘€ข๐‘„ (caรผtthฤhiแนƒto) โ€”
Genitive ๐‘€˜๐‘€‰๐‘€ข๐‘†๐‘€ฃ๐‘€ฒ๐‘†๐‘€ฒ (caรผtthassa) ๐‘€˜๐‘€‰๐‘€ข๐‘†๐‘€ฃ๐‘€ธ๐‘€ก (caรผtthฤแน‡a) or ๐‘€˜๐‘€‰๐‘€ข๐‘†๐‘€ฃ๐‘€ธ๐‘€ก๐‘€ (caรผtthฤแน‡aแนƒ)
Locative ๐‘€˜๐‘€‰๐‘€ข๐‘†๐‘€ฃ๐‘€ซ๐‘†๐‘€ซ๐‘€บ (caรผtthammi) or ๐‘€˜๐‘€‰๐‘€ข๐‘†๐‘€ฃ๐‘‚ (caรผtthe) ๐‘€˜๐‘€‰๐‘€ข๐‘†๐‘€ฃ๐‘‚๐‘€ฒ๐‘€ผ (caรผtthesu) or ๐‘€˜๐‘€‰๐‘€ข๐‘†๐‘€ฃ๐‘‚๐‘€ฒ๐‘€ผ๐‘€ (caรผtthesuแนƒ)
Vocative ๐‘€˜๐‘€‰๐‘€ข๐‘†๐‘€ฃ (caรผttha) or ๐‘€˜๐‘€‰๐‘€ข๐‘†๐‘€ฃ๐‘€ธ (caรผtthฤ) ๐‘€˜๐‘€‰๐‘€ข๐‘†๐‘€ฃ๐‘€ธ๐‘€‡๐‘€ (caรผtthฤiแนƒ) or ๐‘€˜๐‘€‰๐‘€ข๐‘†๐‘€ฃ๐‘€ธ๐‘€‡ (caรผtthฤi)

Derived terms[edit]

Further reading[edit]

  • Sheth, Hargovind Das T[rikamcand] (1923-1928) โ€œเคšเค‰โ€, in เคชเคพเค‡เค…-เคธเคฆเฅเคฆ-เคฎเคนเคฃเฅเคฃเคตเฅ‹ [Pฤia-Sadda-Mahaแน‡แน‡avo; lit. Ocean of Prakrit words] (in Hindi), Calcutta: [Published by the Author].
  • Pischel, Richard, Jha, Subhadra (contributor) (1957) Comparative Grammar of the Prakrit Languages, Varanasi: Motilal Banarasidass, page 323.
  • Woolner, Alfred Cooper, An Introduction to Prakritโ€Ž, Calcutta: Baptist Mission Press, 1917, page 177.
  • Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969โ€“1985) โ€œcaturthรกโ€, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 249