चतुर्थ

Hindi

Hindi numbers ^(edit)

	40
[a], [b] ←  3	४ 4	5  → [a], [b]
Cardinal: चार (cār)     Ordinal: चौथा (cauthā), चतुर्थ (caturth)     Adverbial: चौबारा (caubārā)     Multiplier: चौगुना (caugunā)     Collective: चारों (cārõ)     Fractional: चौथाई (cauthāī)

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit चतुर्थ (caturtha).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Hindi) IPA^(key): /t͡ʃə.t̪ʊɾt̪ʰ/, [t͡ʃɐ.t̪ʊɾt̪ʰ]

Adjective

चतुर्थ • (caturth) (indeclinable)

1. (literary) fourth

   Synonym: चौथा (cauthā)

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• চতুৰ্থ (Assamese script)
• ᬘᬢᬸᬃᬣ (Balinese script)
• চতুর্থ (Bengali script)
• 𑰓𑰝𑰲𑰨𑰿𑰞 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀘𑀢𑀼𑀭𑁆𑀣 (Brahmi script)
• စတုရ်္ထ (Burmese script)
• ચતુર્થ (Gujarati script)
• ਚਤੁਰ੍ਥ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌚𑌤𑍁𑌰𑍍𑌥 (Grantha script)
• ꦕꦠꦸꦂꦡ (Javanese script)
• 𑂒𑂞𑂳𑂩𑂹𑂟 (Kaithi script)
• ಚತುರ್ಥ (Kannada script)
• ចតុថ៌ (Khmer script)
• ຈຕຸຣ຺ຖ (Lao script)
• ചതുര്ഥ (Malayalam script)
• ᢜᠠᢠᡠᡵᡨᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘓𑘝𑘳𑘨𑘿𑘞 (Modi script)
• ᢋᠠᢐᠤᠷᠲᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦳𑦽𑧔𑧈𑧠𑦾 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐔𑐟𑐸𑐬𑑂𑐠 (Newa script)
• ଚତୁର୍ଥ (Odia script)
• ꢗꢡꢸꢬ꣄ꢢ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆖𑆠𑆶𑆫𑇀𑆡 (Sharada script)
• 𑖓𑖝𑖲𑖨𑖿𑖞 (Siddham script)
• චතුර්‍ථ (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩡𑩫𑩒𑩼 𑪙𑩬 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚏𑚙𑚰𑚤𑚶𑚚 (Takri script)
• சதுர்த² (Tamil script)
• చతుర్థ (Telugu script)
• จตุรฺถ (Thai script)
• ཙ་ཏུ་རྠ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒔𑒞𑒳𑒩𑓂𑒟 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨣𑨙𑨃𑨫𑩇𑨚 (Zanabazar Square script)

Sanskrit numbers ^(edit)

	40[a], [b]
←  3	४ 4	5  →
Cardinal: चतुर् (catur)     Ordinal: चतुर्थ (caturtha), तुरीय (turīya)     Adverbial: चतुस् (catus)     Multiplier: चतुर्धा (caturdhā)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *kʷetwóres

Proto-Indo-European *kʷetwr̥-th₂ó-s

Sanskrit चतुर्थ

Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *kʷetwr̥-th₂ó-s (“fourth”), from *kʷetwóres. Cognate with Ancient Greek τέτᾰρτος (tétărtos), Proto-Germanic *fedurþô (whence English fourth), Latin quārtus, Old East Slavic четвьртъ (četvĭrtŭ).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /t͡ɕɐ.tuɾ.tʰɐ́/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /t͡ɕɐ.t̪uɾ.t̪ʰɐ/

Adjective

च॒तु॒र्थ • (caturthá) stem

1. fourth
   • c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda 15.13:

     तद्यस्यैवं विद्वान् व्रात्यश्चतुर्थीं रात्रिमतिथिर्गृहे वसति । ये पुण्यानां पुण्या लोकास्तान् एव तेनाव रुन्धे ॥

     tadyasyaivaṃ vidvān vrātyaścaturthīṃ rātrimatithirgṛhe vasati. ye puṇyānāṃ puṇyā lokāstān eva tenāva rundhe.

     He in whose house the wise Vrātya abides on the fourth night secures for himself thereby the holy realms of the Holy.

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of च॒तु॒र्थ

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	च॒तु॒र्थः (caturtháḥ)	च॒तु॒र्थौ (caturtháu) च॒तु॒र्था¹ (caturthā́¹)	च॒तु॒र्थाः (caturthā́ḥ) च॒तु॒र्थासः॑¹ (caturthā́saḥ¹)
accusative	च॒तु॒र्थम् (caturthám)	च॒तु॒र्थौ (caturtháu) च॒तु॒र्था¹ (caturthā́¹)	च॒तु॒र्थान् (caturthā́n)
instrumental	च॒तु॒र्थेन॑ (caturthéna)	च॒तु॒र्थाभ्या॑म् (caturthā́bhyām)	च॒तु॒र्थैः (caturtháiḥ) च॒तु॒र्थेभिः॑¹ (caturthébhiḥ¹)
dative	च॒तु॒र्थाय॑ (caturthā́ya)	च॒तु॒र्थाभ्या॑म् (caturthā́bhyām)	च॒तु॒र्थेभ्यः॑ (caturthébhyaḥ)
ablative	च॒तु॒र्थात् (caturthā́t)	च॒तु॒र्थाभ्या॑म् (caturthā́bhyām)	च॒तु॒र्थेभ्यः॑ (caturthébhyaḥ)
genitive	च॒तु॒र्थस्य॑ (caturthásya)	च॒तु॒र्थयोः॑ (caturtháyoḥ)	च॒तु॒र्थाना॑म् (caturthā́nām)
locative	च॒तु॒र्थे (caturthé)	च॒तु॒र्थयोः॑ (caturtháyoḥ)	च॒तु॒र्थेषु॑ (caturthéṣu)
vocative	चतु॑र्थ (cáturtha)	चतु॑र्थौ (cáturthau) चतु॑र्था¹ (cáturthā¹)	चतु॑र्थाः (cáturthāḥ) चतु॑र्थासः¹ (cáturthāsaḥ¹)

• ¹Vedic

Feminine ī-stem declension of च॒तु॒र्थी

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	च॒तु॒र्थी (caturthī́)	च॒तु॒र्थ्यौ॑ (caturthyàu) च॒तु॒र्थी¹ (caturthī́¹)	च॒तु॒र्थ्यः॑ (caturthyàḥ) च॒तु॒र्थीः¹ (caturthī́ḥ¹)
accusative	च॒तु॒र्थीम् (caturthī́m)	च॒तु॒र्थ्यौ॑ (caturthyàu) च॒तु॒र्थी¹ (caturthī́¹)	च॒तु॒र्थीः (caturthī́ḥ)
instrumental	च॒तु॒र्थ्या (caturthyā́)	च॒तु॒र्थीभ्या॑म् (caturthī́bhyām)	च॒तु॒र्थीभिः॑ (caturthī́bhiḥ)
dative	च॒तु॒र्थ्यै (caturthyái)	च॒तु॒र्थीभ्या॑म् (caturthī́bhyām)	च॒तु॒र्थीभ्यः॑ (caturthī́bhyaḥ)
ablative	च॒तु॒र्थ्याः (caturthyā́ḥ) च॒तु॒र्थ्यै² (caturthyái²)	च॒तु॒र्थीभ्या॑म् (caturthī́bhyām)	च॒तु॒र्थीभ्यः॑ (caturthī́bhyaḥ)
genitive	च॒तु॒र्थ्याः (caturthyā́ḥ) च॒तु॒र्थ्यै² (caturthyái²)	च॒तु॒र्थ्योः (caturthyóḥ)	च॒तु॒र्थीना॑म् (caturthī́nām)
locative	च॒तु॒र्थ्याम् (caturthyā́m)	च॒तु॒र्थ्योः (caturthyóḥ)	च॒तु॒र्थीषु॑ (caturthī́ṣu)
vocative	चतु॑र्थि (cáturthi)	चतु॑र्थ्यौ (cáturthyau) चतु॑र्थी¹ (cáturthī¹)	चतु॑र्थ्यः (cáturthyaḥ) चतु॑र्थीः¹ (cáturthīḥ¹)

• ¹Vedic
• ²Brāhmaṇas

Neuter a-stem declension of च॒तु॒र्थ

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	च॒तु॒र्थम् (caturthám)	च॒तु॒र्थे (caturthé)	च॒तु॒र्थानि॑ (caturthā́ni) च॒तु॒र्था¹ (caturthā́¹)
accusative	च॒तु॒र्थम् (caturthám)	च॒तु॒र्थे (caturthé)	च॒तु॒र्थानि॑ (caturthā́ni) च॒तु॒र्था¹ (caturthā́¹)
instrumental	च॒तु॒र्थेन॑ (caturthéna)	च॒तु॒र्थाभ्या॑म् (caturthā́bhyām)	च॒तु॒र्थैः (caturtháiḥ) च॒तु॒र्थेभिः॑¹ (caturthébhiḥ¹)
dative	च॒तु॒र्थाय॑ (caturthā́ya)	च॒तु॒र्थाभ्या॑म् (caturthā́bhyām)	च॒तु॒र्थेभ्यः॑ (caturthébhyaḥ)
ablative	च॒तु॒र्थात् (caturthā́t)	च॒तु॒र्थाभ्या॑म् (caturthā́bhyām)	च॒तु॒र्थेभ्यः॑ (caturthébhyaḥ)
genitive	च॒तु॒र्थस्य॑ (caturthásya)	च॒तु॒र्थयोः॑ (caturtháyoḥ)	च॒तु॒र्थाना॑म् (caturthā́nām)
locative	च॒तु॒र्थे (caturthé)	च॒तु॒र्थयोः॑ (caturtháyoḥ)	च॒तु॒र्थेषु॑ (caturthéṣu)
vocative	चतु॑र्थ (cáturtha)	चतु॑र्थे (cáturthe)	चतु॑र्थानि (cáturthāni) चतु॑र्था¹ (cáturthā¹)

• ¹Vedic

Descendants

Inherited

• Dardic:
  • Kohistani:
    • Kalami: چوٹ (čoṭ)
• Niya Prakrit: 𐨕𐨟𐨂𐨪𐨿𐨠 (caturtha)
• Gandhari: 𐨕𐨡𐨂𐨳 (caduṭ́ha)
• Pali: catuttha
  • → Burmese: စတုတ္ထ (ca.tuthta.)
• Prakrit: 𑀘𑀉𑀢𑁆𑀣 (caüttha), 𑀘𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀣 (cŏttha) — Māhārāṣṭrī, 𑀘𑀤𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀣 (caduttha) — Śaurasenī, Māgadhī, 𑀘𑀤𑀼𑀝𑁆𑀞 (caduṭṭha) — Śaurasenī, 𑀘𑀉𑀝𑁆𑀞 (caüṭṭha) — Māhārāṣṭrī, Jain Māhārāṣṭrī, Ardhamāgadhī
  • Central Indo-Aryan:
    • Hindustani:
      • Hindi: चौथा (cauthā)
      • Urdu: چوتھا (cothā)
  • Eastern Indo-Aryan:
    • Bengali-Assamese:
      • Assamese: চৌথা (southa), চ’থা (sötha)
  • Northwestern Indo-Aryan:
    • Punjabic:
      • Old Punjabi: ਚਉਥਾ (cauthā)
        • Punjabi: cauthā

          Gurmukhi script: ਚੌਥਾ

          Shahmukhi script: چَوتھا

  • Southern Indo-Aryan:
    • Konkani: चवथें (cavthẽ)
    • Old Marathi: चउथ / 𑘓𑘄𑘞 (caütha), चौथ / 𑘓𑘼𑘞 (cautha), ⇒ चौत्र / 𑘓𑘼𑘝𑘿𑘨 (cautra)
      • Marathi: चौथे (cauthe)
  • Western Indo-Aryan:
    • Old Gujarati: चउथउं (cauthaũ)
      • Gujarati: ચોથું (cothũ)

Borrowed

• → Assamese: চতুৰ্থ (soturtho)
• → Hindi: चतुर्थ (caturth)
• → Kannada: ಚತುರ್ಥ (caturtha)

Further reading

• Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890), “चतुर्थ”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan
• Monier Williams (1899), “चतुर्थ”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 385, column 2.
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “caturthá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 249