๐‘€ง๐‘€“๐‘€ซ

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Ashokan Prakrit

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Etymology

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    Inherited from Sanskrit เคชเฅเคฐเค•เฅเคฐเคฎ (prakrama). Cognate with Pali pakkama.

    Noun

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    ๐‘€ง๐‘€“๐‘€ซ (pakama /pakkama/) m

    1. exertion, zeal

    Declension

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    Declension of ๐‘€ง๐‘€“๐‘€ซ (pakama)
    singular plural
    nominative ๐‘€ง๐‘€“๐‘€ซ๐‘‚
    pakame
    โ€”
    accusative โ€” โ€”
    instrumental โ€” โ€”
    dative โ€” โ€”
    ablative โ€” โ€”
    genitive ๐‘€ง๐‘€“๐‘€ซ๐‘€ฒ๐‘€บ, ๐‘€ง๐‘€“๐‘€ซ๐‘€ฒ
    pakamasi, pakamasa
    โ€”
    locative โ€” โ€”

    Alternative forms

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    Attested at Bairat, Brahmagiri, Gavimath, Nittur, Rajula-Mandagiri, Rupnath, Siddapura, Udegolam and Yerragudi.

    Dialectal forms of ๐‘€ง๐‘€“๐‘€ซ (โ€œexertionโ€)
    Variety Location Lemmas Forms
    Central Rupnath ๐‘€ง๐‘€“๐‘€ซ (pakama) ๐‘€ง๐‘€“๐‘€ซ๐‘€ฒ๐‘€บ gen.sg (pakamasi)
    Bairat ๐‘€ง๐‘€“๐‘€ซ (pakama) ?๐‘€ง๐‘€“๐‘€ซ๐‘€ฒ gen.sg (pakamasa)
    Sahasram ๐‘€ง๐‘€ฎ๐‘€ธ๐‘€“๐‘€ซ (palฤkama) ?๐‘€ง๐‘€ฎ๐‘€ธ๐‘€“๐‘€ซ๐‘‚ nom.sg (palฤkame)
    Gujarra ๐‘€ง๐‘€ญ๐‘€“๐‘€ซ (parakama) ๐‘€ง๐‘€ญ๐‘€“๐‘€ซ๐‘€ฒ gen.sg (parakamasa)
    Bahapur ๐‘€ง๐‘€ฎ๐‘€“๐‘€ซ (palakama) ๐‘€ง๐‘€ฎ๐‘€“๐‘€ซ๐‘‚ nom.sg (palakame)
    Ahraura ๐‘€ง๐‘€ฎ๐‘€“๐‘€ซ (palakama) ๐‘€ง๐‘€ฎ๐‘€“๐‘€ซ๐‘€ฒ gen.sg (palakamasa), ๐‘€ง๐‘€ฎ๐‘€“๐‘€ซ๐‘‚ nom.sg (palakame)
    South Yerragudi ๐‘€ง๐‘€“๐‘€ซ (pakama) ๐‘€ง๐‘€“๐‘€ซ๐‘€ฒ gen.sg (pakamasa), ๐‘€ง๐‘€“๐‘€ซ๐‘‚ nom.sg (pakame)
    Siddapura ๐‘€ง๐‘€“๐‘€ซ (pakama) ๐‘€ง๐‘€“๐‘€ซ๐‘€ฒ gen.sg (pakamasa), ๐‘€ง๐‘€“๐‘€ซ๐‘‚ nom.sg (pakame)
    Brahmagiri ๐‘€ง๐‘€“๐‘€ซ (pakama) ๐‘€ง๐‘€“๐‘€ซ๐‘€ฒ gen.sg (pakamasa), ?๐‘€ง๐‘€“๐‘€ซ๐‘‚ nom.sg (pakame)
    Rajula-Mandagiri ๐‘€ง๐‘€“๐‘€ซ (pakama) ?๐‘€ง๐‘€“๐‘€ซ๐‘€ฒ gen.sg (pakamasa), ?๐‘€ง๐‘€“๐‘€ซ๐‘‚ nom.sg (pakame)
    Udegolam ๐‘€ง๐‘€“๐‘€ซ (pakama) ๐‘€ง๐‘€“๐‘€ซ๐‘‚ nom.sg (pakame)
    Nittur ๐‘€ง๐‘€“๐‘€ซ (pakama), ๐‘€ง๐‘€“๐‘‚๐‘€ซ (pakema) ๐‘€ง๐‘€“๐‘€ซ๐‘€ฒ gen.sg (pakamasa), ๐‘€ง๐‘€“๐‘‚๐‘€ซ๐‘‚ gen.sg (pakeme)
    Gavimath ๐‘€ง๐‘€“๐‘€ซ (pakama) ๐‘€ง๐‘€“๐‘€ซ๐‘€ฒ gen.sg (pakamasa), ๐‘€ง๐‘€“๐‘€ซ๐‘‚ nom.sg (pakame)
    Map of dialectal forms of ๐‘€ง๐‘€“๐‘€ซ (โ€œexertionโ€)

    References

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    • Andersen, Paul Kent (1990) โ€œpakama-โ€, in Studies in the Minor Rock Edicts of Aล›oka, Freiburg: Hedwig Falk, page 157