𑀭𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀲

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative forms

• rakkhasa (Latin script)
• रक्खस (Devanagari script)
• রক্খস (Bengali script)
• රක‍්ඛස (Sinhalese script)
• ရက္ခသ or ရၵ္ၶသ or ရၵ်ၶသ (Burmese script)
• รกฺขส or รักขะสะ (Thai script)
• ᩁᨠ᩠ᨡᩈ (Tai Tham script)
• ຣກ຺ຂສ or ຣັກຂະສະ (Lao script)
• រក្ខស (Khmer script)
• 𑄢𑄇𑄴𑄈𑄥 (Chakma script)

Noun

𑀭𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀲 m

1. Brahmi script form of rakkhasa

Declension

Declension table of "𑀭𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀲" (masculine)

Case \ Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	𑀭𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀲𑁄 (rakkhaso)	𑀭𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀲𑀸 (rakkhasā)
Accusative (second)	𑀭𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀲𑀁 (rakkhasaṃ)	𑀭𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀲𑁂 (rakkhase)
Instrumental (third)	𑀭𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀲𑁂𑀦 (rakkhasena)	𑀭𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀲𑁂𑀳𑀺 (rakkhasehi) or 𑀭𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀲𑁂𑀪𑀺 (rakkhasebhi)
Dative (fourth)	𑀭𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀲𑀲𑁆𑀲 (rakkhasassa) or 𑀭𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀲𑀸𑀬 (rakkhasāya) or 𑀭𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀲𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀁 (rakkhasatthaṃ)	𑀭𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀲𑀸𑀦𑀁 (rakkhasānaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)	𑀭𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀲𑀲𑁆𑀫𑀸 (rakkhasasmā) or 𑀭𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀲𑀫𑁆𑀳𑀸 (rakkhasamhā) or 𑀭𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀲𑀸 (rakkhasā)	𑀭𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀲𑁂𑀳𑀺 (rakkhasehi) or 𑀭𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀲𑁂𑀪𑀺 (rakkhasebhi)
Genitive (sixth)	𑀭𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀲𑀲𑁆𑀲 (rakkhasassa)	𑀭𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀲𑀸𑀦𑀁 (rakkhasānaṃ)
Locative (seventh)	𑀭𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀲𑀲𑁆𑀫𑀺𑀁 (rakkhasasmiṃ) or 𑀭𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀲𑀫𑁆𑀳𑀺 (rakkhasamhi) or 𑀭𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀲𑁂 (rakkhase)	𑀭𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀲𑁂𑀲𑀼 (rakkhasesu)
Vocative (calling)	𑀭𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀲 (rakkhasa)	𑀭𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀲𑀸 (rakkhasā)

Prakrit

Etymology

Inherited from Sanskrit 𑀭𑀸𑀓𑁆𑀱𑀲 (rākṣasá).

Noun

𑀭𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀲 (rakkhasa) m (Devanagari रक्खस, Kannada ರಕ್ಖಸ, feminine 𑀭𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀲𑀻) (Maharastri, Jain Maharastri, Ardhamagadhi, Sauraseni)

1. demon, fiend
   • c. 400 CE, Pravarasena II, Rāvaṇavadha Canto XII, line 84:

     𑀘𑀟𑀼𑀮-𑀯𑀟𑀸𑀆-𑀡𑀺𑀯𑀳𑁄 𑀓𑀁𑀘𑀡-𑀖𑀭-𑀪𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺-𑀯𑀺𑀅𑀟-𑀓𑀽𑀯𑀭-𑀩𑀁𑀥𑁄
     𑀇𑀁𑀤𑀇𑀡𑁄-𑀯𑀺 𑀧𑀲𑀭𑀺𑀑 𑀏𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀼𑀤𑁆𑀤𑁂𑀲𑁄-𑀯 𑀭𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀲-𑀉𑀭𑀻𑀅 𑀭𑀳𑁄

     caḍula-vaḍāā-ṇivaho kaṃcaṇa-ghara-bhitti-viaḍa-kūvara-baṃdho
     iṃdaïṇo-vi pasario ĕkkuddeso-va rakkhasa-urīa raho

     • 1974 translation by Krishna Kanta Handique

       The chariot of Indrajit, with the pole-frame broad as the golden wall of the palace
       advanced, with flags flying, as if it were a segment of the city of the demons.

Declension

Maharastri declension of 𑀭𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀲 (masculine)
	singular	plural
Nominative	𑀭𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀲𑁄 (rakkhaso)	𑀭𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀲𑀸 (rakkhasā)
Accusative	𑀭𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀲𑀁 (rakkhasaṃ)	𑀭𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀲𑁂 (rakkhase) or 𑀭𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀲𑀸 (rakkhasā)
Instrumental	𑀭𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀲𑁂𑀡 (rakkhaseṇa) or 𑀭𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀲𑁂𑀡𑀁 (rakkhaseṇaṃ)	𑀭𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀲𑁂𑀳𑀺 (rakkhasehi) or 𑀭𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀲𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (rakkhasehiṃ)
Dative	𑀭𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀲𑀸𑀅 (rakkhasāa)	—
Ablative	𑀭𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀲𑀸𑀑 (rakkhasāo) or 𑀭𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀲𑀸𑀉 (rakkhasāu) or 𑀭𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀲𑀸 (rakkhasā) or 𑀭𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀺 (rakkhasāhi) or 𑀭𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (rakkhasāhiṃto)	—
Genitive	𑀭𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀲𑀲𑁆𑀲 (rakkhasassa)	𑀭𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀲𑀸𑀡 (rakkhasāṇa) or 𑀭𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀲𑀸𑀡𑀁 (rakkhasāṇaṃ)
Locative	𑀭𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀲𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (rakkhasammi) or 𑀭𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀲𑁂 (rakkhase)	𑀭𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀲𑁂𑀲𑀼 (rakkhasesu) or 𑀭𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀲𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (rakkhasesuṃ)
Vocative	𑀭𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀲 (rakkhasa) or 𑀭𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀲𑀸 (rakkhasā)	𑀭𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀲𑀸 (rakkhasā)

Derived terms

Terms inherited from *𑀭𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀲-𑀇𑀆 ~ *𑀭𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀲-𑀇𑀕𑀸 (*rakkhasa-iā ~ *rakkhasa-igā)

• Dogri: rākśī

  Devanagari script: राकशी

  Dogra script: 𑠤𑠬𑠊𑠧𑠮

• Middle Gujarati: राखसि
  • Gujarati: રાખસી (rākhsī)
• Hindustani: rākhsī

  Arabic script: رَاکَھسِی

  Devanagari script: राखसी

  Kaithi script: 𑂩𑂰𑂎𑂮𑂲

• Sinhalese: රකුසී (rakusī)

Descendants

Descendants

• Central:
  • Eastern Hindi:
    • Awadhi: rākas

      Devanagari script: राकस

      Kaithi script: 𑂩𑂰𑂍𑂮

  • Western Hindi:
    • Braj: राकस (rākas), राकसिनि f (rāksini), राकसिनी f (rāksinī)
    • Hindustani: rākhas

      Arabic script: رَاکَھسْ

      Devanagari script: राखस

      Kaithi script: 𑂩𑂰𑂎𑂮

• Eastern:
  • Maithili: rākas

    Devanagari script: राकस

    Tirhuta script: 𑒩𑒰𑒏𑒮

  • Odia: ରାଖସ୍ (rakhôs)
• Northern:
  • Eastern Pahari:
    • Nepali: राकस (rākas), राकसनी f (rākasanī), राकस्नी f (rākasnī)
  • Western Pahari:
    • Dogri: rākaś

      Devanagari script: राकश

      Dogra script: 𑠤𑠬𑠊𑠧

• Northwestern:
  • Punjabi: rākhaś

    Gurmukhi script: ਰਾਖਸ਼

    Shahmukhi script: رَاکَھشْ

  • Sindhi: rākasu, rākāsu

    Sindhi: راڪَسُ, راڪاسُ

    Devanagari script: राकसु, राकासु

    Khudawadi script: 𑋙𑋠𑊺𑋝𑋣, 𑋙𑋠𑊺𑋠𑋝𑋣

• Southern:
  • Dhivehi: ރަކިސް (rakis)
  • Old Marathi: rākhyesa, rāṣasa(bhuṇa) /rākhasa(bhuṇa)/

    Devanagari script: राख्येस, राषस(भुण)

    Modi script: 𑘨𑘰𑘏𑘿𑘧𑘹𑘭, 𑘨𑘬𑘭(𑘥𑘳𑘜)

    • Marathi: rākas, rākhīs(mukh), rākhes(mohre)

      Devanagari script: राकस, राखीस(मुख), राखेस(मोहरे)

      Modi script: 𑘨𑘰𑘎𑘭, 𑘨𑘰𑘏𑘲𑘭(𑘦𑘳𑘏), 𑘨𑘰𑘏𑘹𑘭(𑘦𑘻𑘮𑘨𑘹)

    • Varhadi: rākkes, rākkesīn

      Devanagari script: राक्केस, राक्केसीन f

      Modi script: 𑘨𑘰𑘎𑘿𑘎𑘹𑘭, 𑘨𑘰𑘎𑘿𑘎𑘹𑘭𑘲𑘡 f

  • Sinhalese: රකුසා (rakusā), රකුස්සා (rakussā)
• Western:
  • Middle Gujarati: राखसु
    • Gujarati: રાખસ (rākhas)
  • Malvi: राकस (rākas)
  • Marwari:

    Devanagari script: राकस (rākas), रागस (rāgas)

    Mahajani script: 𑅭𑅕𑅰 (rks), 𑅭𑅗𑅰 (rgs)

References

• E.B. Cowell (1868) The Prákṛit Prakáśa‎^[1], London: Trübner & Co., page 175
• Pischel, Richard, Jha, Subhadra (contributor) (1957) Comparative Grammar of the Prakrit Languages, Varanasi: Motilal Banarasidass, page 224.
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “rakkhasa”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 618