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-உம்

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: உம்

Tamil

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Etymology

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Inherited from Proto-Dravidian *-um. Cognate with Malayalam -ഉം (-uṁ).

Pronunciation

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Conjunction

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-உம் (-um) (clitic)

  1. simple connective particle, "and", conjunction ('both ... and')
    Synonym: மற்றும் (maṟṟum)
    சேரனும் பாண்டியனும்
    cēraṉum pāṇṭiyaṉum
    Cheran and Pandyan
  2. particle conveying universality
    தமிழ்நாட்டு மூவேந்தரும் வந்தார்கள்.
    tamiḻnāṭṭu mūvēntarum vantārkaḷ.
    The three-crowned kings of Tamil Nadu came.
  3. inclusion, addition ('likewise', 'also', 'too', 'even')
    Synonym: கூட (kūṭa)
    குமாரும் வந்தான்
    kumārum vantāṉ
    Kumar too came
  4. (with adverbial participles) concessive ('although', 'even', 'even though', 'even if')
    குமார் வந்தும் என்னிடம் பேசவில்லை
    kumār vantum eṉṉiṭam pēcavillai
    Although Kumar came, he didn't talk to me
  5. (with singular neuter past verbal noun form of verbs (ending with -து)) immediacy ('as soon as')
    Synonym: -உடன் (-uṭaṉ)added after the past adjectival participle form of the verb
    கண்டதும் காதல்
    kaṇṭatum kātal
    Love at first sight
    (literally, “Love soon after looking”)
  6. (with the -ஆல் (-āl) ending form of the verb) expresses the possibility of sth. happening or not happening
    மழை வந்தாலும் வரலாம்.
    maḻai vantālum varalām.
    It might rain.
  7. (with the infinitive) serves for the optative mood
    கட்டளையிடவும்
    kaṭṭaḷaiyiṭavum
    Let (the subject) issue a command

Suffix

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-உம் (-um)

  1. (when added with interrogatives) gives them a general or universal application ('any', 'every', 'each and every')
    எங்கு (eṅku, where) + ‎-உம் (-um) → ‎எங்கும் (eṅkum, anywhere, everywhere)
    யா- (yā-, which (thing)) + ‎-உம் (-um) → ‎யாவும் (yāvum, everything)
  2. (when added to quantifiers) provides a sense of totality or completeness.
    அனைவர் (aṉaivar) + ‎-உம் (-um) → ‎அனைவரும் (aṉaivarum)
  3. (when added to certain words, especially adverbs) serves to intensify the meaning.
    மிக (mika, very) + ‎-உம் (-um) → ‎மிகவும் (mikavum, very much)
  4. forms the third person neuter future singular and future adjectival participle.
    இறங்கு (iṟaṅku) + ‎-உம் (-um) → ‎இறங்கும் (iṟaṅkum)

Derived terms

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References

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Further reading

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  • Miron Winslow (1862), “உம்”, in A comprehensive Tamil and English dictionary of high and low Tamil, Madras: P. R. Hunt