-TʼOH

See also: toh, to̍h, and tòh

Navajo

Etymology 1

Root

-TʼOH

1. nest
2. bushy

Derived terms

• atʼoh (“nest”)
• dahtʼoh (“drying rack for corn”)
• tsídii bitʼoh (“birdnest”)
• diʼtoh (“it is bushy”)

Etymology 2

Root

-TʼOH

1. to shoot an arrow, to throw or stab with a spear

Theme	Category	Bases	Transitive bases (O + ł)
ł		S practices archery adishtʼoh	S shoots O with a series of arrows nánéłtʼoh (repetitive)
ł			S shoots O yiishtʼoh
ł		S shoots ajishtʼóóh dzidishtʼóóh jidizhnishtʼóóh	S shoots O yíníshtʼóóh (repetitive) yíníishtʼóóh (semelfactive)
l		S plays/practices archery nʼdishtʼo
l		S duels, shoots at each other ahííníiltóóh ahííníshtʼóóh

Stem set

Aspect	IMP	PERF	FUT	ITER	OPT
MOM	-tʼóóh	-tʼoh	-tʼoh	-tʼoh	-tʼóóh
CONT	-tʼo	-tʼo	-tʼoh	-tʼoh	-tʼo
REP / DUR / SER / SEM	-tʼoh	-tʼoh	-tʼoh	-tʼoh	-tʼoh

See also Appendix: Roots and stems derivation.

Synonyms

to shoot:

• -DON
• -KAI
• -ZIʼ

Derived terms

Navajo terms belonging to the root -TʼOH (shoot)

Etymology 3

Possibly related to -TʼÓÓD (“to smoke”).

Root

-TʼOH

1. to smoke

Theme	Category	Bases	Transitive bases (O + ł)
(ná) + ł		S gets ready to smoke iʼniishtʼóóh náiʼniishtʼóóh	S gets ready to smoke O Biʼniishtʼóóh nábiʼniishtʼóóh
(ná) + ł		S is a smoker, smokes an unspecified O náʼáshtʼoh	S smokes O náshtʼoh
∅		S is taking puffs eeshtʼoh	S puffs on O yishtʼoh
i + ∅			S takes a puff on O yiishtʼod (semelfactive)

See also Appendix: Roots and stems derivation.

Stem set

Aspect	IMP	PERF	FUT	ITER	OPT
MOM	-tʼóóh	-tʼoh	-tʼoh	-tʼoh	-tʼóóh
CONCL	-tʼoh	-tʼoh	-tʼoh	-tʼoh	-tʼoh
SEM	-tʼod	-tʼod	-tʼoh	-tʼoʼ	-tʼod

See also Appendix: Roots and stems derivation.

Derived terms

Navajo terms belonging to the root -TʼOH (smoke)