View source for -man

{{also|Appendix:Variations of "man"}}
==English==

===Etymology===
{{root|en|ine-pro|*mon-}}
From the noun {{m|en|man}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|en|/mən/|/mæn/}}

===Suffix===
{{head|en|suffix|plural|-men|feminine|-woman}}

# Someone (possibly implied male) who is an expert in an area or who takes part in an activity.
#: {{suffixusex|en|horse|horseman}}
#: {{suffixusex|en|sports|sportsman}}
# Someone (possibly implied male) who is employed or holds a position in an area.
#: {{suffixusex|en|law|lawman|}}
#: {{suffixusex|en|news|newsman}}
# Someone (possibly implied male) who has special characteristics relating to a topic or area.
#: {{suffixusex|en|free|freeman|}}
#: {{suffixusex|en|ice|iceman}}
#: {{suffixusex|en|super|superman}}
# Someone (possibly implied male) who has a particular nationality.
#: {{suffixusex|en|Scots|Scotsman}}
#: {{suffixusex|en|Dutch|Dutchman}}
#: {{suffixusex|en|China|Chinaman}}
#: {{suffixusex|en|Yorkshire|Yorkshireman}}
# A man whose name begins with the preceding letter.
#: {{suffixusex|en|H|H-man<t:man whose name starts with H, e.g. Harry>}}
#: {{suffixusex|en|J|J-man<t:man whose name starts with an J>}}
# A ship which has special characteristics relating to a trade or area.
#: {{suffixusex|en|Guinea|Guineaman|gloss2=ship of the West African slave trade}}
#: {{suffixusex|en|East India|East Indiaman}}
#: {{suffixusex|en|merchant|merchantman}}
#: {{suffixusex|en|Greenland|Greenlandman|gloss2=a whaling ship}}
#: {{suffixusex|en|China|Chinaman|gloss2=sailing ship engaged in the Old China Trade}}

====Usage notes====
* To more explicitly include people regardless of gender, the suffix {{m|en|-person}} or a synonym, for example {{m|en|police officer}} instead of {{m|en|policeman}}, can be used.
* Frequently employed in the names of male [[comic book]] characters, e.g. {{w|Aquaman}}, {{w|Batman}}, {{w|Spider-Man}}, {{w|Superman}}.
* The pronunciation can either have a full vowel or a schwa, but they are not in free variation; some words formed with this suffix can be used with only one of the possible pronunciations.

====Hypernyms====
* {{l|en|-person}}

====Derived terms====
* [[:Category:English terms suffixed with -man]]
{{top2}}
* {{l|en|airman}}
* {{l|en|bogeyman}}
* {{l|en|committeeman}}
* {{l|en|fireman}}
* {{l|en|freeman}}
* {{l|en|gunman}}
* {{l|en|horseman}}
* {{l|en|iceman}}
* {{l|en|lawman}}
* {{l|en|newsman}}
* {{l|en|sandman}}
* {{l|en|seaman}}
* {{l|en|sportsman}}
* {{l|en|superman}}
{{bottom}}

====Descendants====
''See also'' [[man#Descendants|''descendants of'' man]].
* {{desc|srn|-man}}
* {{desc|bor=1|fr|-man}}
* {{desc|bor=1|ja|マン|tr=-man}}
* {{desc|bor=1|cy|-mon}}

===References===
* {{R:Lexico}}

===Anagrams===
* {{anagrams|en|a=amn|MNA|N. Am.|'Nam|mna|AMN|Nam|NAM|'nam|NMA}}

==Albanian==

===Alternative forms===
* {{alt|sq|-mën||Tosk|dialectal}}

===Etymology===
Akin to {{cog|ro|-oman}}. Perhaps {{bor+|nocap=1|sq|ota|ـمن|ـمان|tr=-man}},<ref>{{R:sq:Kaleshi:1971|page=287f.}}</ref> alternatively from {{der|sq|sla}}.<ref name=PGJSH>{{R:sq:PGJSH:1962}}</ref><ref>{{cite-book |de |editor=Wolfgang Dahmen |title=Südosteuropäische Romania |publisher=Narr Verlag |year=2012 |first=Ina |last=Arapi |page=146 |isbn=9783823367406 |url=https://books.google.com/?id=vDLPkOLV63kC&pg=PA146}}</ref>

===Suffix===
{{head|sq|suffix}} {{tlb|sq|originally|Tosk}}<ref name=PGJSH/>

# {{ng|forms [[derogatory]] [[adjective]]s and [[noun]]s.}}
#: {{syn|sq|-laq|-luq|-lec|-rash|-vec}}

====Usage notes====
* The vast majority of derived terms also contain the infix {{m|sq|-a-}}.

====Derived terms====
{{suffixsee|sq}}

===References===
<references/>

===Further reading===
* {{R:sq:Newmark:1982|page=173|section=3.4.1 D}}

==Dutch==

===Etymology===
From the Dutch noun {{m|nl|man||man}}.

===Suffix===
{{head|nl|suffix|cat2=noun-forming suffixes|g=m|plural|-mannen|or|-lieden|or|-lui|or|-mensen}}

# {{n-g|someone (implied [[male]]) who is an [[expert]] in an [[area]]}}
#: {{uxi|nl|[[sportman|sport'''man''']]|sports'''man'''}}
#: {{uxi|nl|[[zakenman|zaken'''man''']]|business'''man'''}}
# {{n-g|someone (implied male) who is [[employed]] or holds a [[position]] in an area}}
#: {{uxi|nl|[[brandweerman|brandweer'''man''']]|fire'''man'''}}
#: {{uxi|nl|[[politieman|politie'''man''']]|police'''man'''}}
# {{n-g|someone (implied male) who has [[special]] [[characteristic]]s relating to an area}}
#: {{uxi|nl|[[dolleman|dolle'''man''']]|mad'''man'''}}
#: {{uxi|nl|[[landsman|lands'''man''']]|country'''man'''}}
# {{n-g|someone (implied male) who is derived from a particular [[nationality]]}}
#: {{uxi|nl|[[Engelsman|Engels'''man''']]|English'''man'''}}
#: {{uxi|nl|[[Fransman|Frans'''man''']]|French'''man'''}}

====Usage notes====
The plural form of ''-man'' is {{m|nl|-lieden}} ({{m|nl|-lui}} in spoken language) or sometimes {{m|nl|-mannen}} and {{m|nl|-mensen}}, e.g.
: {{uxi|nl|[[sportlieden]] / [[sportlui]]|sports'''men'''}}
: {{uxi|nl|[[brandweerlieden]] / [[brandweerlui]] / [[brandweermannen]]|fire'''men'''}}
: {{uxi|nl|[[politiemannen]] / [[politiemensen]]|police'''men'''}}
: {{uxi|nl|[[Fransmannen]] / [[Fransen]]|French'''men'''}}

====Antonyms====
* {{l|nl|-vrouw|g=f}}

====Derived terms====
{{der3|nl
|brandweerman
|dolleman
|Engelsman
|Fransman
|landsman
|politieman
|sportman
|zakenman
|zeeman
}}

==French==

===Etymology===
{{bor+|fr|en|-man}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{fr-IPA|mane}}

===Suffix===
{{fr-suffix}}

# used to form names of male [[profession]]s or [[sportsperson]]s

====Usage notes====
* In European and Canadian French, most words with this ending like {{m|fr|businessman}} are borrowed directly from English, while some such as {{m|fr|tennisman}} are not. The plural may be {{m|fr|-mans}} or {{m|fr|-men}}.
* In sub-Saharan Africa, the suffix is much more productive and, in more slangy language, appended to anything relating to a habitual activity: {{m|fr|gbanman|t=druggie}} (Ivory Coast) from {{cog|dmn|-}} {{m|fr|gban|t=drug}}, {{m|fr|boukiman|t=speculator}} (Senegal) from {{noncog|wo|buki|t=hyena}}, {{m|fr|djigboman|t=magician}} (Ivory Coast) from {{w|Bété language|Bété}} {{m|fr|djigbo|t=fetish}}, as well as the more generally used {{m|fr|taximan|t=taxi driver}} (many countries) and {{m|fr|gbakaman|t=marshrutka-driver}} (Ivory Coast) from {{m|fr|gbaka|t=marshrutka}}.

====See also====
* {{l|fr|-woman}}

==Haitian Creole==

===Etymology===
From {{der|ht|fr|-ment||-ly}}.

===Suffix===
{{head|ht|suffix}}

# used to form adverbs out of adjectives; [[-ly]]

====Derived terms====
{{suffixsee|ht}}

==Norwegian Bokmål==

===Etymology===
From {{der|nb|fr|-mane}}.

===Suffix===
{{head|nb|suffix|g=m}}

# {{q|generally}} [[-maniac]]

====Derived terms====
{{suffixsee|nb}}

===References===
* {{R:Dokpro|lang=nb}}

{{cln|nb|noun-forming suffixes}}

==Norwegian Nynorsk==

===Etymology===
{{root|nn|ine-pro|*men-|id=think}}
From {{der|nn|fr|-mane}}.

===Suffix===
{{head|nn|suffix|g=m}}

# {{q|generally}} [[-maniac]]

====Derived terms====
{{suffixsee|nn}}

===References===
* {{R:Dokpro|lang=nn}}

==Quechua==

===Suffix===
{{head|qu|suffix}}

# [[allative]] or [[dative]] case; indicates the direction of movement or the [[indirect object]]
#: '''''[[llaqta|Llaqta]]man''' [[riy|ri]]saq.''
#:: I will go '''towards the town'''.
#: '''''[[paykuna|Paykuna]]man''' [[mikhuna]]ta [[apay|apa]]chkani.''
#:: I am taking food '''to them'''.
# [[potential mood]]; indicates possibility or potential
#: ''[[qam|Qam]] '''[[rikuy|riku]]nkiman'''.''
#:: You '''would see'''.
#: ''[[ñuqa|Ñuqa]]qa [[mana]]m [[haqay]]man '''[[puriy|puri]]nimanchu'''.''
#:: I '''would not walk''' over there.

==Sranan Tongo==

===Suffix===
{{head|srn|suffix}}

# {{n-g|Person suffix, used to derive agent nouns from verbs as well as nouns for people characterised by a trait from nouns and adjectives.}}

====Derived terms====
{{suffixsee|srn}}

==Turkish==

===Suffix===
{{head|tr|suffix form}}

# {{tr-def-suffix form|-men||a}}