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Proto-Indo-European
Root
*trewd- [ 1] [ 2] [ 3]
to push , to thrust
Derived terms
Template:PIE root see
*tréwd-e-ti ( thematic root present ) [ 4]
Proto-Albanian: * ̊truδ-
( perhaps ) Celtic:
Proto-Germanic: *þreutaną (see there for further descendants )
Proto-Italic: *troudō
*trud-néh₂-ti ~ *trud-n̥h₂-énti ( innovative denominative present ) [ 5]
Proto-Germanic: *þruttōną (see there for further descendants )
*trowd-eh₂yé-ti ( innovative *o-grade iterative present )
*trowd-éye-ti ( causative ) [ 6] [ 7]
*trowd-o-
Proto-Balto-Slavic: *tráudas
Proto-Slavic: *trudъ
East Slavic:
Old East Slavic: трудъ ( trudŭ )
South Slavic:
Bulgarian: труд ( trud )
Old Church Slavonic:
Cyrillic: троудъ ( trudŭ )
Glagolitic: ⱅⱃⱆⰴⱏ ( trudŭ )
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: тру̑д
Latin: trȗd
Chakavian: trũd ( Vrgada ) , trúd ( Hvar, Novi ) , trũd ( Orbanići )
West Slavic:
Proto-Germanic: *þrautą (see there for further descendants )
*trewd-to-s or *trewd-so-s
Unsorted formations:
References
^ Rix, Helmut , editor (2001 ), “*treu̯d- ”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs ] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN , pages 651-652
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008 ) “trūdō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN , page 630
^ Derksen, Rick (2008 ) “*trudъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN , page 498
^ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998 ) “tredh ”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary , Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN , page 463
^ Kroonen, Guus (2013 ) “*þruttōn-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11 ), Leiden, Boston: Brill , →ISBN , page 548
^ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998 ) “ndrydh ”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary , Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN , page 288
^ Kroonen, Guus (2013 ) “*þrautjan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11 ), Leiden, Boston: Brill , →ISBN , page 545