σφαῖρα
See also: σφαίρα
Ancient Greek
Etymology
Connections with σπαίρω (spaírō, “to gasp”) or Proto-Indo-European *sperH- (“to kick, rebound, move convulsively”, the original sense would be "something that rebounds") have been suggested, but the aspiration of σπ- to σφ- is unexplained and the semantic development is dubious.[1]. Nikolayev instead suggests derivation from a Proto-Hellenic *skʷʰə́řřa, from a putative Proto-Indo-European *sgʷʰer- (“to be round”); compare Avestan 𐬰𐬔𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬯𐬥𐬀 (zgərəsna, “round”) and Hittite [Term?] pl (/šū̆rita/, “skeins of wool”) (a borrowing from Luwian).[2]
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /spʰâi̯.ra/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈspʰɛ.ra/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈsɸɛ.ra/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈsfe.ra/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈsfe.ra/
Noun
σφαῖρᾰ • (sphaîra) f (genitive σφαίρᾱς); first declension
Inflection
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ἡ σφαῖρᾰ hē sphaîra |
τὼ σφαίρᾱ tṑ sphaírā |
αἱ σφαῖραι hai sphaîrai | ||||||||||
Genitive | τῆς σφαίρᾱς tês sphaírās |
τοῖν σφαίραιν toîn sphaírain |
τῶν σφαιρῶν tôn sphairôn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῇ σφαίρᾳ têi sphaírāi |
τοῖν σφαίραιν toîn sphaírain |
ταῖς σφαίραις taîs sphaírais | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὴν σφαῖρᾰν tḕn sphaîran |
τὼ σφαίρᾱ tṑ sphaírā |
τᾱ̀ς σφαίρᾱς tā̀s sphaírās | ||||||||||
Vocative | σφαῖρᾰ sphaîra |
σφαίρᾱ sphaírā |
σφαῖραι sphaîrai | ||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Derived terms
- ἡμισφαίριον (hēmisphaírion)
- σφαιρῐκός (sphairikós)
Descendants
- Greek: σφαίρα f (sfaíra)
- → Latin: sphaera f (see there for further descendants)
- → Old Armenian: սփէր (spʻēr)
- → Georgian: სფერო (spero)
References
- ^ Roberts, Edward A. (2014) A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the Spanish Language with Families of Words based on Indo-European Roots, Xlibris Corporation, →ISBN, p. 906
- ^ Alexander Nikolaev (2017) “Luvian (síg)šūrita ‘balls of yarn’”, in Usque ad Radices: Indo-European studies in honour of Birgit Anette Olsen, Museum usculanum Press, pages 567-574
- ^ “σφαῖρα”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- ^ σφαῖρα in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- ^ σφαῖρα in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- ^ Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
Categories:
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Hellenic
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Hellenic
- Ancient Greek 2-syllable words
- Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ancient Greek lemmas
- Ancient Greek nouns
- Ancient Greek properispomenon terms
- Ancient Greek feminine nouns
- Ancient Greek first-declension nouns
- Ancient Greek feminine nouns in the first declension