Proto-Indo-European
Alternative reconstructions
Root
*h₂eydʰ- [ 2] [ 3] [ 4]
to ignite
fire
Derived terms
Template:PIE root see
*h₂i-n-dʰ-tór ~ *h₂i-n-dʰ-rór ( mediopassive nasal-infix imperfective )
*h₂éydʰ-e-ti ( root present )
*h₂oydʰ-éye-ti ( causative )
*h₂éydʰ-s ( root noun )
*h₂eydʰ-ḗr
Proto-Hellenic: *aitʰḗr
Ancient Greek: αἰθήρ ( aithḗr ) (see there for further descendants )
*h₂éydʰ-o-s
Proto-Celtic: *aidos or *aidu [ 5]
Proto-Brythonic:
Middle Breton: oaz ( “ ardor, jealousy ” )
Welsh: aidd ( “ ardor ” )
Old Irish: áed ( “ fire ” )
Proto-Germanic: *aidaz (see there for further descendants )
Proto-Hellenic: *áitʰos
Ancient Greek: αἶθος ( aîthos )
Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Háydʰas
*h₂éydʰ-os ~ *h₂éydʰ-es-
*h₂éydʰ-lom
Proto-Germanic: *ailą (see there for further descendants )
*h₂éydʰ-teh₂t-s
*h₂éydʰ-tu-s ~ *h₂idʰ-téw-s
*h₂idʰ-tó-s
*h₂éydʰ-mn̥
Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Háydʰma
Proto-Iranian: *Háydma
Central Iranian:
Avestan: 𐬀𐬉𐬯𐬨𐬀 ( aēsma , “ firewood ” )
Northeastern Iranian
Khwarezmian: ازم ( ʾzm /izm/ )
Sogdian:
Buddhist Sogdian: [script needed] ( zmy /zmē , zmi/ )
Southeastern Iranian
Pashto: هېزم ( hezám ) ( perhaps borrowed from Persian )
Northwestern Iranian
Caspian:
Gilaki: هیمه ( himə )
Old Mazanderani: همه ( hema )
Kurdish:
Central Kurdish: ھێزِم ( hêzim )
Northern Kurdish: êzing , ezing , hezing , hêzing , hêzîng
Laki: ھێمە ( hême )
Southern Kurdish: لێزمە ( lêzme ) ( perhaps ) (*hê-> *lê-)
Old Median:
Middle Median:
Kermanic:
Ashtiani: هیمه ( hīma )
Zoroastrian Dari: هیزمه ( hīzma )
Old Tati:
Old Azari: هەموم ( hamum , “ my firewood ” )
Harzani: ایزم ( īzem )
Karingani: ایزم ( īzem )
Kalasuri: ایزم ( īzem )
Ramandi: ایزم ( īzem )
Talysh:
North Talysh: izem ( īzem )
South Talysh: ایزم ( īzem )
Zaza-Gorani:
Southwestern Iranian
Larestani: ایمه ( īma )
Middle Persian:
Manichaean script: 𐫙𐫏𐫖𐫃 ( ʿymg /ēmag/ )
Inscriptional Pahlavi script: 𐭠𐭩𐭮𐭬 ( ʾysm /ēsm/ ) , 𐭰𐭩𐭡𐭠 ( CYBA /ēzm/ )
Persian: هیزم ( hīzom ) , ایزم ( ēz(o)m ) , هیمه ( hīme ) , هیم ( hīm )
Lurish:
Northern Luri: هیمه ( hīma )
Bakhtiari: هیمه ( hīme )
Southern Luri: هیمه ( hīma )
Unsorted formations:
Proto-Albanian:
Tocharian:
References
^ Ringe, Donald (2006 ) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)[1] , Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
^ Rix, Helmut , editor (2001 ), “*h₂ei̯dʰ- ”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs ] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN , page 259
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008 ) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7)[2] , Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
^ Kroonen, Guus (2013 ) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11 ), Leiden, Boston: Brill , →ISBN
^ Matasović, Ranko (2009 ) “*aydu-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill , →ISBN , page 51
^ Adams, Douglas Q. (2013 ) “intsau”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10 ), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN , page 70