Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fijandz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Present participle of *fijāną, from Proto-Indo-European *peh₁- (“to hate”), equivalent to *fijāną +‎ *-ndz.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɸi.jɑndz/

Noun

*fijandz m

1. enemy, fiend

   Antonym: *frijōndz

Inflection

consonant stemDeclension of *fijandz (consonant stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*fijandz	*fijandiz
vocative	*fijand	*fijandiz
accusative	*fijandų	*fijandunz
genitive	*fijandiz	*fijandǫ̂
dative	*fijandi	*fijandumaz
instrumental	*fijandē	*fijandumiz

Derived terms

• *fijandiskapiz

Descendants

• Old English: fēond
  • Middle English: feend
    • Scots: fient
    • English: fiend
• Old Frisian: fīand
  • Saterland Frisian: Fäind
  • West Frisian: fijân
• Old Saxon: fīand, fīond, fīoud
  • Middle Low German: vîent, vîant, vîen, vigent, vigen, vînt, vîend, fīent
    • German Low German: Feend, Fiend
    • Plautdietsch: Fient
• Old Dutch: *fīand
  • Middle Dutch: viant
    • Dutch: vijand
      • Afrikaans: vyand
      • Negerhollands: vyand, vieand
      • → Sranan Tongo: feyanti
        • → Aukan: feyanti
        • → Saramaccan: feántima
    • Limburgish: vieënd, vieëndj
• Old High German: fīant, fīand
  • Middle High German: vīant, vīent, vīnt
    • Cimbrian: faint
    • German: Feind
    • Yiddish: פֿײַנד‎ (faynd‎)
• Old Norse: fjándi
  • Icelandic: fjandi
  • Faroese: fjandi (“devil, fiend”)
  • Norn: fjandi (“devil”)
  • Norwegian Bokmål: fiende
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: fiende
  • Elfdalian: fiend, fiund
  • Old Swedish: fiænde, fiande, fionde
    • Swedish: fiende
  • Danish: fjende
  • Gutnish: fiende, feiunde
• Gothic: 𐍆𐌹𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 (fijands)