Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/bъdrъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *budras, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰudʰros, from *bʰewdʰ-. Morphologically *bъd- +‎ *-rъ.

Cognate with Lithuanian budrùs (“vigilant”), Avestan 𐬰𐬀𐬉𐬥𐬌𐬠𐬎𐬛𐬭𐬀 (zaēnibudra)

Adjective

*bъ̀drъ

1. alert, cheerful

Inflection

Accent paradigm b.

Indefinite declension of *bъdrъ (hard)

singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*bъdrъ	*bъdra	*bъdro
genitive	*bъdra	*bъdry	*bъdra
dative	*bъdru	*bъdrě	*bъdru
accusative	*bъdrъ	*bъdrǫ	*bъdro
instrumental	*bъdromь	*bъdrojǫ	*bъdromь
locative	*bъdrě	*bъdrě	*bъdrě
vocative	*bъdre	*bъdro	*bъdro
dual	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*bъdra	*bъdrě	*bъdrě
genitive	*bъdru	*bъdru	*bъdru
dative	*bъdroma	*bъdrama	*bъdroma
accusative	*bъdra	*bъdrě	*bъdrě
instrumental	*bъdroma	*bъdrama	*bъdroma
locative	*bъdru	*bъdru	*bъdru
vocative	*bъdra	*bъdrě	*bъdrě
plural	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*bъdri	*bъdry	*bъdra
genitive	*bъdrъ	*bъdrъ	*bъdrъ
dative	*bъdromъ	*bъdramъ	*bъdromъ
accusative	*bъdry	*bъdry	*bъdra
instrumental	*bъdry	*bъdrami	*bъdry
locative	*bъdrěxъ	*bъdraxъ	*bъdrěxъ
vocative	*bъdri	*bъdry	*bъdra

Definite declension of *bъdrъ (hard)

singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*bъdrъjь	*bъdraja	*bъdroje
genitive	*bъdrajego	*bъdryję̇	*bъdrajego
dative	*bъdrujemu	*bъdrěji	*bъdrujemu
accusative	*bъdrъjь	*bъdrǫjǫ	*bъdroje
instrumental	*bъdryjimь	*bъdrǫjǫ	*bъdryjimь
locative	*bъdrějemь	*bъdrěji	*bъdrějemь
vocative	*bъdrъjь	*bъdraja	*bъdroje
dual	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*bъdraja	*bъdrěji	*bъdrěji
genitive	*bъdruju	*bъdruju	*bъdruju
dative	*bъdryjima	*bъdryjima	*bъdryjima
accusative	*bъdraja	*bъdrěji	*bъdrěji
instrumental	*bъdryjima	*bъdryjima	*bъdryjima
locative	*bъdruju	*bъdruju	*bъdruju
vocative	*bъdraja	*bъdrěji	*bъdrěji
plural	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*bъdriji	*bъdryję̇	*bъdraja
genitive	*bъdrъjixъ	*bъdrъjixъ	*bъdrъjixъ
dative	*bъdryjimъ	*bъdryjimъ	*bъdryjimъ
accusative	*bъdryję̇	*bъdryję̇	*bъdraja
instrumental	*bъdryjimi	*bъdryjimi	*bъdryjimi
locative	*bъdryjixъ	*bъdryjixъ	*bъdryjixъ
vocative	*bъdriji	*bъdryję̇	*bъdraja

Alternative forms

• *bъ̀dřь

Derived terms

• *bъdriti
• *bъdrostь, *bъdrota
• *bъdry

Related terms

• *bľusti (“to watch”)
• *buditi (“to awaken, arouse”)
• *bъděti (“to be awake”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: бъдръ (bŭdrŭ)
    • Belarusian: бадзёры (badzjóry)
      • → Ukrainian: бадьо́рий (badʹóryj)
    • Russian: бо́дрый (bódryj)
      • → Bulgarian: бо́дър (bódǎr)
      • → Czech: bodrý
      • → Slovak: bodrý
      • → Macedonian: бодар (bodar)
      • → Serbo-Croatian: бо̏дар, bȍdar
      • → Slovene: bọ́der (tonal orthography)
    • Old Ukrainian: бодрий (bodrij)
      • Ukrainian: бо́дрий (bódryj)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic: бъдръ (bŭdrŭ), бъждрь (bŭždrĭ)

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “бодрый”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “бодрый”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 1 (а – пантомима), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 100
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1976), “*bъdrъ(jь)”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 3 (*bratrьcь – *cьrky), Moscow: Nauka, page 111
• Šanskij, N. M. (2004) “бодрый”, in Školʹnyj etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [School Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Drofa