Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/sila

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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *séiˀlāˀ.

Noun

*sìla f[1][2][3]

  1. strength, force

Declension

Declension of *sìla (hard a-stem, accent paradigm a)
singular dual plural
nominative *sìla *sìlě *sìly
genitive *sìly *sìlu *sìlъ
dative *sìlě *sìlama *sìlamъ
accusative *sìlǫ *sìlě *sìly
instrumental *sìlojǫ, *sìlǭ** *sìlama *sìlamī
locative *sìlě *sìlu *sìlasъ, *sìlaxъ*
vocative *sìlo *sìlě *sìly
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Derived terms

Descendants

  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: сила (sila)
  • South Slavic:
    • Old Church Slavonic:
      Old Cyrillic script: сила (sila)
      Glagolitic script: ⱄⰻⰾⰰ (sila)
    • Bulgarian: си́ла (síla)
    • Macedonian: сила (sila)
    • Serbo-Croatian:
      Cyrillic script: си̏ла
      Latin script: sȉla
      • Chakavian Lua error in Module:parameters at line 360: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "Vrgada" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E.: sȉla
      • Chakavian Lua error in Module:parameters at line 360: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "Orbanići" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E.: sȉla
      • Kajkavian Lua error in Module:parameters at line 360: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "Bednja" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E.: sȉlo
    • Slovene: síla (tonal orthography)
  • West Slavic:
    • Old Czech: síla
      • Czech: síla
        • Bohemian Lua error in Module:parameters at line 360: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "Chod dialect" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E.: síla
        • Moravian Lua error in Module:parameters at line 360: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "Mistřice" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E.: siu̯a
    • Kashubian: sëła
    • Old Polish: siła
    • Slovak: sila
    • Sorbian:

Further reading

  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “си́ла”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress

References

  1. ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*sìla”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 451: “f. ā (a) ‘strength, force’”
  2. ^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “sila sily”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “a (SA 22, 72; PR 132; MP 15f.; RPT 107, 111)”
  3. ^ Snoj, Marko (2016) “síla”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *si̋la”
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