Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/bungeti
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This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Celtic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Likely the result of contamination of two Proto-Indo-European roots. The form continues Proto-Indo-European *bʰu-né-g-ti ~ *bʰu-n-g-énti, nasal-infix present of *bʰewg- (“to enjoy, benefit”), from which the meaning “to reap” can also be derived. The meaning “to break” seems to come from Proto-Indo-European *bʰewgʰ- (“to bend”), for which however no nasal-infix present is attested in other branches of Indo-European.[1][2][3][4]
Verb
[edit]*bungeti
Inflection
[edit]| Thematic present, suffixless preterite | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active voice | ||||
| Present | Imperfect | Future | Preterite | |
| 1st singular | *bungū | *bungemam | *bibuxsū | *bubouga |
| 2nd singular | *bungesi | *bungetās | *bibuxsesi | *bubougas? |
| 3rd singular | *bungeti | *bungeto | *bibuxseti | *bubouge |
| 1st plural | *bungomosi | *bungemo | *bibuxsomosi | *bubougmo |
| 2nd plural | *bungetesi | *bungestē | *bibuxsetesi | *bubouxte |
| 3rd plural | *bungonti | *bungento | *bibuxsonti | *bubougars |
| Pres. subjunctive | Past subjunctive | Imperative | ||
| 1st singular | *bounxsū | ? | — | |
| 2nd singular | *bounxsesi | ? | *bunge | |
| 3rd singular | *bounxseti | ? | *bungetou | |
| 1st plural | *bounxsomosi | ? | *bungomos | |
| 2nd plural | *bounxsetesi | ? | *bungete | |
| 3rd plural | *bounxsonti | ? | *bungontou | |
| Passive voice | ||||
| Present | Imperfect | Future | Preterite | |
| 1st singular | *bungūr | — | *bibuxsūr | — |
| 2nd singular | *bungetar | — | *bibuxsetar | — |
| 3rd singular | *bungetor | ? | *bibuxsetor | — |
| 1st plural | *bungommor | — | *bibuxsommor | — |
| 2nd plural | *bungedwe | — | *bibuxsedwe | — |
| 3rd plural | *bungontor | ? | *bibuxsontor | — |
| Pres. subjunctive | Past subjunctive | Imperative | ||
| 1st singular | *bounxsūr | — | — | |
| 2nd singular | *bounxsetar | — | — | |
| 3rd singular | *bounxsetor | — | — | |
| 1st plural | *bounxsommor | — | — | |
| 2nd plural | *bounxsedwe | — | — | |
| 3rd plural | *bounxsontor | — | — | |
| Declension of the past participle | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *buxtos | *buxtou | *buxtoi |
| vocative | *buxte | *buxtou | *buxtoi |
| accusative | *buxtom | *buxtou | *buxtoms |
| genitive | *buxtī | *buxtous | *buxtom |
| dative | *buxtūi | *buxtobom | *buxtobos |
| instrumental | *buxtū | *buxtobim | *buxtobis |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *buxtā | *buxtai | *buxtās |
| vocative | *buxtā | *buxtai | *buxtās |
| accusative | *buxtam | *buxtai | *buxtams |
| genitive | *buxtās | *buxtous | *buxtom |
| dative | *buxtai | *buxtābom | *buxtābos |
| instrumental | *? | *buxtābim | *buxtābis |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *buxtom | *buxtou | *buxtā |
| vocative | *buxtom | *buxtou | *buxtā |
| accusative | *buxtom | *buxtou | *buxtā |
| genitive | *buxtī | *buxtous | *buxtom |
| dative | *buxtūi | *buxtobom | *buxtobos |
| instrumental | *buxtū | *buxtobim | *buxtobis |
Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Schumacher, Stefan, Schulze-Thulin, Britta (2004) “Urkelt. *b-u-n-g-e/o- ‘brechen’”, in Die keltischen Primärverben: ein vergleichendes, etymologisches und morphologisches Lexikon [The Celtic Primary Verbs: A comparative, etymological and morphological lexicon] (Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft; 110) (in German), Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachen und Literaturen der Universität Innsbruck, →ISBN, pages 238-40
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*bu-n-g-o-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 84
- ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “2. *bʰeu̯g- “jmdm. nützen, Nutzen bringen””, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 84f.
- ^ Kümmel, Martin Joachim (2011–2023) “2. *bʰeu̯g-”, in Addenda und Corrigenda zu LIV²[1], page 12