Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/ulkos

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Archived revision by Holodwig21 (talk | contribs) as of 14:35, 1 August 2019.
Jump to navigation Jump to search
This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Alternative forms

  • *ulkʷos (if the etymology from the Proto-Indo-European word for ‘wolf’ is correct)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁elk-. Cognate with Proto-Germanic *ilhilaz (bad, evil), Latin ulcus (wound, sore), Ancient Greek ἔλκος (élkos, wound, ulcer), Sanskrit अर्श (arśa, hemorrhoids).

Alternatively, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *wĺ̥kʷos (wolf), though both the phonology and the semantics are difficult. In this case, it should be reconstructed *ulkʷos.

Adjective

*ulkos (comparative *messos, superlative *messamos)

  1. evil, bad

Declension

O/ā-stem
masculine singular dual plural
nominative *ulkos *ulkou *ulkoi
vocative *ulke *ulkou *ulkoi
accusative *ulkom *ulkou *ulkoms
genitive *ulkī *ulkous *ulkom
dative *ulkūi *ulkobom *ulkobos
instrumental *ulkū *ulkobim *ulkobis
feminine singular dual plural
nominative *ulkā *ulkai *ulkās
vocative *ulkā *ulkai *ulkās
accusative *ulkam *ulkai *ulkams
genitive *ulkās *ulkous *ulkom
dative *ulkai *ulkābom *ulkābos
instrumental *? *ulkābim *ulkābis
neuter singular dual plural
nominative *ulkom *ulkou *ulkā
vocative *ulkom *ulkou *ulkā
accusative *ulkom *ulkou *ulkā
genitive *ulkī *ulkous *ulkom
dative *ulkūi *ulkobom *ulkobos
instrumental *ulkū *ulkobim *ulkobis

Descendants

  • Old Irish: olc, olcc, elc
    • Irish: olc
    • Manx: olk
    • Scottish Gaelic: olc
  • Lepontic: 𐌖𐌋𐌊𐌏𐌔 (ulkos)