Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/berkan

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰereg- (“to make a noise, growl, bark”), from *bʰer- (“to drone, hum, buzz”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈber.kɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*berkan

1. to bark

Inflection

Conjugation of *berkaną (strong class 3)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*berkō	*berkaų	—	*berkai	?
2nd singular	*birkizi	*berkaiz	*berk	*berkazai	*berkaizau
3rd singular	*birkidi	*berkai	*berkadau	*berkadai	*berkaidau
1st dual	*berkōz	*berkaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*berkadiz	*berkaidiz	*berkadiz	—	—
1st plural	*berkamaz	*berkaim	—	*berkandai	*berkaindau
2nd plural	*birkid	*berkaid	*birkid	*berkandai	*berkaindau
3rd plural	*berkandi	*berkain	*berkandau	*berkandai	*berkaindau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*bark	*burkį̄
2nd singular	*barht	*burkīz
3rd singular	*bark	*burkī
1st dual	*burkū	*burkīw
2nd dual	*burkudiz	*burkīdiz
1st plural	*burkum	*burkīm
2nd plural	*burkud	*burkīd
3rd plural	*burkun	*burkīn
	present	past
participles	*berkandz	*burkanaz

Related terms

• *barkōną
• *barkijaną

Descendants

• Old English: beorcan
  • Middle English: berken
    • English: bark
    • Scots: berk, bark