Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hlaidrijō

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

• *hlaidrī

Etymology

(deprecated template usage)

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱley- (“to lean”). Cognate with Ancient Greek κλῖμαξ (klîmax, “ladder”). Related to Gothic 𐌷𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌸𐍂𐌰 (hleiþra, “booth, tent”, literally “that which leans”). Compare also Latin clathri (“trellis”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈxlɑi̯.dri.jɔː/

Noun

*hlaidrijō f

1. ladder

Inflection

ō-stemDeclension of *hlaidrijō (ō-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*hlaidrijō	*hlaidrijôz
vocative	*hlaidrijō	*hlaidrijôz
accusative	*hlaidrijǭ	*hlaidrijōz
genitive	*hlaidrijōz	*hlaidrijǫ̂
dative	*hlaidrijōi	*hlaidrijōmaz
instrumental	*hlaidrijō	*hlaidrijōmiz

Descendants

• Old English: hlædre, hlǣdre, hlǣder, hlædder, hlæddr-, hlædr-
  • Middle English: ladder, laddre
    • Scots: ledder
    • English: ladder
• Old Frisian: hladder, hledder, hleder, hlērde
  • North Frisian: ladder
  • Saterland Frisian: Laadere, Laddere
  • West Frisian: ljedder, leider, ljerre
• Old Saxon: hlederi, hlēderi
  • Middle Low German: leddere, ledder, lēdere, lēder, leider, ladder
    • German Low German: Ledder
    • Plautdietsch: Lada
• Old Dutch: *hleidra, *leidra
  • Middle Dutch: ledere, leedre, ledder, laddere, ladere
    • Dutch: ladder, leer
      • Afrikaans: ladder; leer
  • Limburgish: lejjer, leier
• Old High German: hleitra, hleitara, leitra, leitara
  • Middle High German: leiter
    • German: Leiter
    • Hunsrik: Leeter
    • Luxembourgish: Leeder