Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱley-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology 1

Reanalysed root of *ḱléyti, from *ḱel- (“to cover”) +‎ *-éyti (*éy-present suffix).

Root

*ḱley-

to shelter, cover

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ḱley- (cover) (14 c, 0 e)

*ḱléy-tis ~ *ḱli-téys
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
  - Lithuanian: šliti̇̀s (“shove-shed”)
*ḱléy-treh₂
*ḱloyw-ó-s
- Proto-Germanic: *hlaiwaz (“shelter”)
  - Proto-West Germanic: *hlaiw (see there for further descendants)
*ḱli-tó-m
- Proto-Germanic: *hlidą (see there for further descendants)
*ḱli-tó-s (“covered, sheltered”)

Etymology 2

Reanalysed root of *ḱléyti, from *ḱel- (“to incline”) +‎ *-éyti (*éy-present suffix).^[1]^[2]

Root

*ḱley-^[1]^[3]^[4]

to lean, slope, incline

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ḱley- (incline) (27 c, 0 e)

*ḱléy-t ~ *ḱli-ént (root aorist)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian:
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan:
    - Sanskrit: अश्रेत् (áśret)
  - Proto-Indo-Iranian:
    - ⇒ Avestan: 𐬥𐬌𐬯𐬭𐬍𐬙𐬀 (nisrīta, “to bring to, assign”, 3sg.inj.mid.)
- Proto-Italic: *klient- (“who supports, who depends”, act.ptc.)^[5]
  - Latin: cliēns
*ḱléy-e-ti (“to lean”, thematic root present)^[3]^[2]
*ḱl̥-né-y-ti ~ *ḱl̥-n-y-énti (nasal-infix present)
*ḱli-néw-ti ~ *ḱli-nw-énti (new-present)^[2]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćrináwti (“to lean”)
  - Proto-Iranian: *crináwtī
    - Avestan: 𐬥𐬌𐬯𐬭𐬌𐬥𐬀𐬊𐬨𐬌 (nisrinaomi, “to lean”, 1sg.pres.)
*ḱe-ḱlóy-e ~ *ḱe-ḱli-ḗr (reduplicated perfect)^[3]
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: κέκλιται (kéklitai)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćićrā́ya
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śiśrā́ya
    - Sanskrit: शिश्राय (śiśrā́ya)
*ḱléy-mn̥
- Proto-Hellenic: *klímə
  - Ancient Greek: κλίμα (klíma, “slope, inclination; clime”) (see there for further descendants)
*ḱléy-o-s
- Proto-Celtic: *kliyos (“left side”)^[6] (see there for further descendants)
*ḱley-téh₂^[1]^[7]
*ḱley-wó-s (“sloped”)^[8]
*ḱli-tós (“leaning, sloped”)
*ḱlóy-dʰro-m
- Proto-Germanic: *hlaidrijō (“ladder”) (see there for further descendants)
*ḱlóy-neh₂
- Proto-Albanian: *klaina
  - Albanian: qye (“peak, summit”)
*ḱloy-w-ó-m^[9]^[8]
- Proto-Germanic: *hlaiwą (“hill, burial mound”) (see there for further descendants)
*ḱleyn-
- Proto-Armenian:
  - Old Armenian: լինիմ (linim, “to be”) (perhaps)
    - Armenian: լինել (linel)

Unsorted formations

Proto-Armenian:
- Old Armenian: լեառն (leaṙn, “mountain”)
  - Armenian: լեռ (leṙ)
Proto-Celtic: *kleibos
- Old Irish: clíab
  - Irish: cliabh
  - Manx: cleeau
  - Scottish Gaelic: cliabh
Proto-Celtic: *klitrā^[10]
- Proto-Brythonic:
  - Cornish: kledher
  - Welsh: cledr
Proto-Italic:
- Latin: clēmēns (see there for further descendants)

Descendants

Proto-Indo-Iranian:
- Proto-Indo-Aryan:
  - Sanskrit: श्रि (śri)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Pokorny, Julius (1959), Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), Bern, München: Francke Verlag
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*hlinēn-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 231: “*ḱli-n-eh₁-”
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*ḱlei̯-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 332
^ Sihler, Andrew L. (1995), New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 54: “*ḱley- 'lean, slope'”
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “*cliēns, -tis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 120
^ Delamarre, Xavier (2003), “klēyo-”, in Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental [Dictionary of the Gaulish language: A linguistic approach to Old Continental Celtic] (Collection des Hespérides; 9), 2nd edition, Éditions Errance, →ISBN, page 207
^ Delamarre, Xavier (2003), “klētā”, in Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental [Dictionary of the Gaulish language: A linguistic approach to Old Continental Celtic] (Collection des Hespérides; 9), 2nd edition, Éditions Errance, →ISBN, page 207: “*ḱley-t-”
↑ ^8.0 ^8.1 De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “*clīvus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 122: “*ḱloi-uo- 'slope, hill' or *ḱlei-u̯o- 'sloping'”
^ Sihler, Andrew L. (1995), New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 54: “*ḱloy-wo- 'slope, rise'”
^ R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke, et al., editors (1950–present), “cledr”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

[IEW-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Pokorny, Julius (1959), Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), Bern, München: Francke Verlag

[Kroonen-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*hlinēn-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 231: “*ḱli-n-eh₁-”

[LIV-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*ḱlei̯-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 332

[4] Sihler, Andrew L. (1995), New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 54: “*ḱley- 'lean, slope'”

[5] De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “*cliēns, -tis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 120

[6] Delamarre, Xavier (2003), “klēyo-”, in Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental [Dictionary of the Gaulish language: A linguistic approach to Old Continental Celtic] (Collection des Hespérides; 9), 2nd edition, Éditions Errance, →ISBN, page 207

[7] Delamarre, Xavier (2003), “klētā”, in Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental [Dictionary of the Gaulish language: A linguistic approach to Old Continental Celtic] (Collection des Hespérides; 9), 2nd edition, Éditions Errance, →ISBN, page 207: “*ḱley-t-”

[De_Vaan_2-8] 8.0 ^8.1 De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “*clīvus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 122: “*ḱloi-uo- 'slope, hill' or *ḱlei-u̯o- 'sloping'”

[9] Sihler, Andrew L. (1995), New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 54: “*ḱloy-wo- 'slope, rise'”

[10] R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke, et al., editors (1950–present), “cledr”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

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