Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱl̥néyti
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This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-European[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From *ḱley- (“to incline”) + *-né- (nasal infix).
Verb[edit]
*ḱl̥néyti (imperfective)[1]
Inflection[edit]
| Imperfective, athematic | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3rd singular | *ḱl̥néyti | ||||
| 3rd plural | *ḱln̥yénti | ||||
| Active voice | Present indicative | Past indicative | Imperative | Subjunctive | Optative |
| 1st singular | *ḱl̥néymi | *ḱl̥nḗm | — | *ḱl̥néyoh₂ | *ḱln̥yyéh₁m̥ |
| 2nd singular | *ḱl̥néysi | *ḱl̥néys | *ḱl̥néy, *ḱln̥ydʰí | *ḱl̥néyesi | *ḱln̥yyéh₁s |
| 3rd singular | *ḱl̥néyti | *ḱl̥néyt | *ḱl̥néytu | *ḱl̥néyeti | *ḱln̥yyéh₁t |
| 1st dual | *ḱln̥ywós | *ḱln̥ywé | — | *ḱl̥néyowos | *ḱln̥yih₁wé |
| 2nd dual | *ḱln̥ytés | *ḱln̥ytóm | *ḱln̥ytóm | *ḱl̥néyetes | *ḱln̥yih₁tóm |
| 3rd dual | *ḱln̥ytés | *ḱln̥ytā́m | *ḱln̥ytā́m | *ḱl̥néyetes | *ḱln̥yih₁tā́m |
| 1st plural | *ḱln̥ymós | *ḱln̥ymé | — | *ḱl̥néyomos | *ḱln̥yih₁mé |
| 2nd plural | *ḱln̥yté | *ḱln̥yté | *ḱln̥yté | *ḱl̥néyete | *ḱln̥yih₁té |
| 3rd plural | *ḱln̥yénti | *ḱln̥yént | *ḱln̥yéntu | *ḱl̥néyonti | *ḱln̥yih₁ént |
| Participle | *ḱln̥yónts | ||||
| Middle voice | Present indicative | Past indicative | Imperative | Subjunctive | Optative |
| 1st singular | *ḱln̥yh₂ér | *ḱln̥yh₂é | — | *ḱl̥néyoh₂er | *ḱln̥yih₁h₂é |
| 2nd singular | *ḱln̥yth₂ér | *ḱln̥yth₂é | *ḱln̥ysó | *ḱl̥néyeth₂er | *ḱln̥yih₁th₂é |
| 3rd singular | *ḱln̥ytór, *ḱln̥yór | *ḱln̥ytó, *ḱln̥yó | *? | *ḱl̥néyetor | *ḱln̥yih₁tó, *ḱln̥yih₁ó |
| 1st dual | *ḱln̥ywósdʰh₂ | *ḱln̥ywédʰh₂ | — | *ḱl̥néyowosdʰh₂ | *ḱln̥yih₁wédʰh₂ |
| 2nd dual | *? | *? | *? | *? | *? |
| 3rd dual | *? | *? | *? | *? | *? |
| 1st plural | *ḱln̥ymósdʰh₂ | *ḱln̥ymédʰh₂ | — | *ḱl̥néyomosdʰh₂ | *ḱln̥yih₁médʰh₂ |
| 2nd plural | *ḱln̥ydʰh₂wé | *ḱln̥ydʰh₂wé | *ḱln̥ydʰh₂wé | *ḱl̥néyedʰh₂we | *ḱln̥yih₁dʰh₂wé |
| 3rd plural | *ḱln̥yrór, *ḱln̥yn̥tór | *ḱln̥yró, *ḱln̥yn̥tó | *? | *ḱl̥néyoror, *ḱl̥néyontor | *ḱln̥yih₁ró, *ḱln̥yih₁n̥tó |
| Participle | *ḱln̥ym̥h₁nós | ||||
Reconstruction notes[edit]
Rebuilt as *ḱlíneti ~ *ḱlinénti via schwebeablaut and leveling.
Descendants[edit]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *ślíntei
- Proto-Germanic: *hlināną (rebuilt as nā-present[2]) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Hellenic: *klíňňō (perhaps secondary from *klínō + *-yō[3][4])
- Proto-Italic: *kleinō[5] (< secondary full-grade *ḱléyneti ~ *ḱlinénti)
- Latin: clīnō (“slope, bend”) (see there for further descendants)
References[edit]
- ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*ḱlei̯-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 332
- ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*hlinēn-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 231: “*ḱli-neh₂-”
- ^ Lubotsky, Alexander (1988) The System of Nominal Accentuation in Sanskrit and Proto-Indo-European[1], Brill, page 144
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “κλίνω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 717: “*klin-je/o-”
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “-clīnō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 121: “*kl(e)in-e/o-”