Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kwainōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *gʷey- (“to lament; complain”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkʷɑi̯.nɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*kwainōną

1. to lament

Inflection

Conjugation of *kwainōną (weak class 2)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*kwainō	*kwainǭ	—	*kwainōi	?
2nd singular	*kwainōsi	*kwainōs	*kwainō	*kwainōsai	*kwainōsau
3rd singular	*kwainōþi	*kwainō	*kwainōþau	*kwainōþai	*kwainōþau
1st dual	*kwainōs	*kwainōw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*kwainōþiz	*kwainōþiz	*kwainōþiz	—	—
1st plural	*kwainōmaz	*kwainōm	—	*kwainōnþai	*kwainōnþau
2nd plural	*kwainōþ	*kwainōþ	*kwainōþ	*kwainōnþai	*kwainōnþau
3rd plural	*kwainōnþi	*kwainōn	*kwainōnþau	*kwainōnþai	*kwainōnþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*kwainōdǭ	*kwainōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*kwainōdēz	*kwainōdēdīz
3rd singular	*kwainōdē	*kwainōdēdī
1st dual	*kwainōdēdū	*kwainōdēdīw
2nd dual	*kwainōdēdudiz	*kwainōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*kwainōdēdum	*kwainōdēdīm
2nd plural	*kwainōdēdud	*kwainōdēdīd
3rd plural	*kwainōdēdun	*kwainōdēdīn
	present	past
participles	*kwainōndz	*kwainōdaz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *kwainōn
  • Old English: cwānian
    • Middle English: quanen, quainen (merged with Old Norse kveina)
• Old Norse: kveina; (kveinka)
  • (Norwegian: kvinka)
  • (Swedish: hvinka)
  • (→ Scots: quink; whink)
• Gothic: 𐌵𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌽 (qainōn)