Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/plōgaz
Proto-Germanic
Alternative forms
Etymology
Mario Alinei[1] has proposed a borrowing from Proto-Celtic *ɸlowyos, *ɸlowyā (“rudder”)[2], itself from Proto-Indo-European *plówyos (“ship”), ultimately from the root *plew- (“to fly, flow, swim, float, run”). Compare Cornish lew (“rudder”), Old Irish luí (“rudder, tail”), Welsh llyw (“rudder, tail, leader, pilot”). Ancient Greek πλοῖον (ploîon) is derived from the same root formation. Compare furthermore Albanian plor or pluar (“prow, ploughshare, vomer bone”), supposedly from Ancient Greek πλώρη (plṓrē, “prow”), which should be from πρῷρα (prôira, “prow”), whence also the English prow.
Alinei also mentions the Latin plaumoratum (Pliny the Elder, Naturalis historia 18.69), with the second element possibly relating to the family of Latin rota, Proto-Celtic *rotos and Proto-Germanic *raþą (“wheel”). Guus Kroonen has suggested a connection of the Germanic and the Latin words to Proto-Germanic *pleganą, *plehaną (“to take responsibility, care”) (“to care for one’s life” > “to plow”); compare Old High German pfluog (“livelihood”) and Icelandic plógur, plóg (“profit”), which could nevertheless point as well to the opposite morpho-semantic evolution. Otherwise he proposes a connection with Proto-Germanic *plag/kkōn- (“rag, sod”), which seems a bit far-fetched.[3]
Noun
*plōgaz m
Inflection
masculine a-stemDeclension of *plōgaz (masculine a-stem) | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | ||
nominative | *plōgaz | *plōgōz, *plōgōs | |
vocative | *plōg | *plōgōz, *plōgōs | |
accusative | *plōgą | *plōganz | |
genitive | *plōgas, *plōgis | *plōgǫ̂ | |
dative | *plōgai | *plōgamaz | |
instrumental | *plōgō | *plōgamiz |
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *plōg
- Old Norse: plógr
- → Latin: *plōvum
- → Proto-Slavic: *plugъ
- → Albanian: plug
References
- ^ Alinei, Mario (2000), Origini delle lingue d’Europa, vol. 2, Bologna: Il Mulino, page 567 ff.
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*flowyo-, *flowyā”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 136
- ^ Kroonen, Guus (2009), “plōga-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic, consulted online.
- ^ ploum in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- Proto-Germanic terms borrowed from Proto-Celtic
- Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Celtic
- Proto-Celtic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Albanian terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Ancient Greek terms derived from English
- Proto-Germanic lemmas
- Proto-Germanic nouns
- Proto-Germanic masculine nouns
- Proto-Germanic a-stem nouns