Reconstruction:Proto-Hellenic/grə́pʰō

This Proto-Hellenic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Hellenic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *gr̥bʰ-é-ti, from *gerbʰ- (“to scratch, carve”).

Verb

*grə́pʰō

1. to scratch, cut or carve into
2. to draw (make pictures), especially by carving
3. to write

Inflection

Present forms of *grə́pʰō

Active
infinitive					*grə́pʰehen
participle					*grə́pʰonts
			singular			dual			plural
			1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative			*grə́pʰō	*grə́pʰehi	*grə́pʰei	*grə́pʰowos, *grə́pʰowes, *grə́pʰowen	*grə́pʰetes, *grə́pʰetos, *grə́pʰeton	*grə́pʰetes, *grə́pʰetos, *grə́pʰeton	*grə́pʰomes, *grə́pʰomen	*grə́pʰete	*grə́pʰonti
subjunctive			*grə́pʰō	*grə́pʰēhi	*grə́pʰēi	*grə́pʰōwos, *grə́pʰōwes, *grə́pʰōwen	*grə́pʰētes, *grə́pʰētos, *grə́pʰēton	*grə́pʰētes, *grə́pʰētos, *grə́pʰēton	*grə́pʰōmes, *grə́pʰōmen	*grə́pʰēte	*grə́pʰōnti
optative			*grə́pʰoyə	*grə́pʰois	*grə́pʰoi	*grə́pʰoiwen	*grə́pʰoiton	*grəpʰóitān	*grə́pʰoimen	*grə́pʰoite	*grə́pʰoyen
imperative			-	*grə́pʰe	*grəpʰétō	-	*grə́pʰeton	*grəpʰétōn	-	*grə́pʰete	*grəpʰóntōn
Middle/Passive
infinitive					*grə́pʰestʰai
participle					*grəpʰómenos
			singular			dual			plural
			1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative			*grə́pʰomai	*grə́pʰehai	*grə́pʰetai	*grə́pʰestʰa	*grə́pʰestʰon	*grə́pʰestʰon	*grəpʰómestʰa	*grə́pʰestʰe	*grə́pʰontai
subjunctive			*grə́pʰōmai	*grə́pʰēhai	*grə́pʰētai	*grə́pʰēstʰa	*grə́pʰēstʰon	*grə́pʰēstʰon	*grəpʰṓmestʰa	*grə́pʰēstʰe	*grə́pʰōntai
optative			*grəpʰóimān	*grə́pʰoyyo	*grə́pʰoito	*grəpʰóiwetʰa	*grə́pʰoistʰon	*grəpʰóistʰān	*grəpʰóimetʰa	*grə́pʰoistʰe	*grə́pʰointo
imperative			-	*grə́pʰeho	*grəpʰéstʰō	-	*grə́pʰestʰon	*grəpʰéstʰōn	-	*grə́pʰestʰe	*grəpʰéstʰōn

Imperfect forms of *grə́pʰō

Active
			singular			dual			plural
			1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative			*égrəpʰon	*égrəpʰes	*égrəpʰe	*egrə́pʰowe	*egrə́pʰeton	*egrəpʰétān	*egrə́pʰomes, *egrə́pʰomen	*egrə́pʰete	*égrəpʰon
Middle/Passive
			singular			dual			plural
			1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative			*egrəpʰómān	*egrə́pʰeho	*egrə́pʰeto	*egrə́pʰetʰa	*egrə́pʰestʰon	*egrəpʰéstʰān	*egrəpʰómetʰa	*egrə́pʰestʰe	*egrə́pʰonto

Descendants

• Ancient Greek: γράφω (gráphō)
  • Greek: γράφω (gráfo)