Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁n̥gʷnís
Proto-Indo-European
Etymology
From *h₁engʷ- (“to burn; fire”).
Noun
*h₁n̥gʷnís m
Usage notes
Two terms for “fire” are reconstructible for Proto-Indo-European: *h₁n̥gʷnis and *péh₂wr̥. They are usually considered in semantic opposition. The first term is usually masculine and refers to fire as something animate and active (compare Agni, the most prominent Old Indic deity), whereas the second term is neuter and refers to fire as something inanimate and passive, i.e. as a substance.
Inflection
Athematic | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | |||
nominative | *h₁n̥gʷnís | ||
genitive | *h₁n̥gʷnéys | ||
singular | dual | plural | |
nominative | *h₁n̥gʷnís | *h₁n̥gʷníh₁(e) | *h₁n̥gʷnéyes |
vocative | *h₁n̥gʷní | *h₁n̥gʷníh₁(e) | *h₁n̥gʷnéyes |
accusative | *h₁n̥gʷním | *h₁n̥gʷníh₁(e) | *h₁n̥gʷníms |
genitive | *h₁n̥gʷnéys | *? | *h₁n̥gʷnéyoHom |
ablative | *h₁n̥gʷnéys | *? | *h₁n̥gʷnéymos |
dative | *h₁n̥gʷnéyey | *? | *h₁n̥gʷnéymos |
locative | *h₁n̥gʷnéy, *h₁n̥gʷnḗy | *? | *h₁n̥gʷnéysu |
instrumental | *h₁n̥gʷnéyh₁ | *? | *h₁n̥gʷnéymis |
Synonyms
Descendants
- Proto-Albanian: *agni
- Albanian: entje
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *ugnis (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hagníš
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hagníṣ (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic: *əngʷnis
- Latin: ignis (see there for further descendants)
References
- Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), Encyclopedia of Indo-European culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 202
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 44