Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/θanǰáyati
Proto-Iranian
Etymology
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From Proto-Indo-Iranian *tʰanǰʰáyati or *tanǰʰáyati, from Proto-Indo-European *tongʰ-éye-ti, from *tengʰ- (“to pull, weigh down”) + *-éyeti. *θ- is unexpected; perhaps the result of the influence of a similar word.
Verb
Derived terms
- *āθanǰáyati (“to draw, draw up, draw out”)
- *awaθanǰáyati (“to pull up?”)
- Parthian:
- Manichaean script: 𐫀𐫇𐫍𐫗𐫋𐫏 (ʾwhnjy /ōhenǰ-/, pres.stem?)
- Parthian:
- *fraθanǰáyati (“to pull towards”)
- Younger Avestan: 𐬟𐬭𐬀𐬚𐬀𐬧𐬘𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌 (fraθaṇjaiieiti, “to drive to”)
- Parthian:
- Manichaean script: 𐫜𐫡𐫍𐫏𐫗𐫋𐫀𐫆 (frhynjʾẖ /frahenǰ-/, “to instruct, educate”, 2sg.subj.)
- → Middle Persian:
- Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (plhhtn /frahixtan/, “to educate, instruct, teach”)
- Persian: فرهنجیدن (farhanjidan)
- *niθanǰáyati (“to pull back”)
- Bactrian: ναυαγγο (nauaggo), ναυαγγινδο (nauaggindo)
- Khotanese: [script needed] (nuhaṃj-)
- Parthian:
- Manichaean script: 𐫗𐫍𐫗𐫋𐫏𐫗𐫅 (nhnjynd /nihenǰ-/, 3pl.pres.)
- Middle Persian:
- Manichaean script: 𐫗𐫍𐫏𐫗𐫉𐫀𐫅 (nhynzʾd /nihenzād/, subj.)
- Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (nhʾht /nihāxt/, perf.pass.)
- → Old Armenian: նահանջեմ (nahanǰem, “to retreat”)
- *pariθanǰáyati (“to stretch”)
- Sogdian:
- Buddhist: [script needed] (prδʾɣtʾkw ɣʾy, 3sg.pret.intr.)
- Christian: [script needed] (pryθyncnt, 3pl.impf.)
- Sogdian:
- *patiθanǰáyati (“to pull out; to weigh”)
- Khotanese: [script needed] (pθxs-, “to take refuge in (God)”)
- Parthian:
- Manichaean script: 𐫛𐫅𐫍𐫏𐫗𐫋𐫀𐫆 (pdhynjʾẖ /padhenǰ-/, “to weigh”, 2sg.subj.)
- Sogdian: (/pati-/, “to pull out”)
- Buddhist: [script needed] (pδʾyncʾt)
- Manichaean script: 𐫂𐫇𐫎 𐫛𐫔𐫔𐫀𐫄𐫎𐫏𐫏 (βwṯ pδδʾɣṯyy, “is pulled out”)
- *upaθanǰáyati (“to pull up”)
- Khotanese: [script needed] (bāthaṃj-, “to pluck out”)
- → Old Armenian: պահանջեմ (pahanǰem, “to demand back”)
Descendants
- Central Iranian:
- Younger Avestan: 𐬚𐬀𐬧𐬘𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬧𐬙𐬈 (θaṇjaiieṇte, 3pl.pres.med.)
- Northeastern Iranian:
- Proto-Scythian:
- Khotanese: [script needed] (thaṃj-)
- Wakhi: [script needed] (tanj-)
- → Kermanic:
- Isfahani: [script needed] (tanj-)
- → Kermanic:
- Sogdian: (/θeṁč-/)
- Buddhist: [script needed] (δyncʾk, “to pull out”, pres.part.)
- → Persian: لنجیدن (lenjidan, lanjidan) (Balkhi)
- Proto-Scythian:
- Southeastern Iranian:
- Sanglechi: [script needed] (inj-)
- Northwestern Iranian:
- Kurdish:
- Central Kurdish: ھەڵھێنجان (hał-hēnjān), ھەڵ-ھێنجان (hell-hêncan)
- Southern Kurdish: ھەڵھێنجانن (hał-hēnjānin), ھەڵ-ھێنجانن (hell-hêncanin), ئەڵ-ونجانن (ał-winjānin)
- Proto-Medo-Parthian: *θanǰáyati
- Proto-Komisenian:
- Aftari: anj-
- Sangisari: [script needed] (enj-)
- Old Median: *θanǰáyati (“to draw (water), irrigate”)
- Proto-Komisenian:
- → Old Persian: [script needed] (*θanǰayati)
- Kurdish:
- Southwestern Iranian:
- Shirazi: [script needed] (tanzīdan, “to weigh”)[4] (dated?)
References
- ^ Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*θanǰ-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 391-392
- ^ Schmitt, Rüdiger, editor (1989), Compendium Linguarum Iranicarum[1], Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 213
- ^ Novák, Ľubomír (2013) Problem of Archaism and Innovation in the Eastern Iranian Languages (PhD dissertation)[2], Prague: Univerzita Karlova v Praze, filozofická fakulta
- ^ Lua error in Module:languages/errorGetBy at line 16: Please specify a language or etymology language code in the parameter "1"; the value "1926" is not valid (see Wiktionary:List of languages).