Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/ferō
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This Proto-Italic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Italic
Etymology
2=bʰerPlease see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.
From Proto-Indo-European *bʰéreti.
Verb
*ferō[1]
Inflection
| Inflection of *ferō (third conjugation) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Present | *ferō | |
| Perfect | — | |
| Aorist | — | |
| Past participle | *fertos | |
| Present indicative | Active | Passive |
| 1st sing. | *ferō | *ferōr |
| 2nd sing. | *feres | *ferezo |
| 3rd sing. | *feret | *feretor |
| 1st plur. | *feromos | *feromor |
| 2nd plur. | *feretes | *ferem(e?)n(ai?) |
| 3rd plur. | *feront | *ferontor |
| Present subjunctive | Active | Passive |
| 1st sing. | *ferām | *ferār |
| 2nd sing. | *ferās | *ferāzo |
| 3rd sing. | *ferād | *ferātor |
| 1st plur. | *ferāmos | *ferāmor |
| 2nd plur. | *ferātes | *ferām(e?)n(ai?) |
| 3rd plur. | *ferānd | *ferāntor |
| Perfect indicative | Active | |
| 1st sing. | — | |
| 2nd sing. | — | |
| 3rd sing. | — | |
| 1st plur. | — | |
| 2nd plur. | — | |
| 3rd plur. | — | |
| Aorist indicative | Active | |
| 1st sing. | — | |
| 2nd sing. | — | |
| 3rd sing. | — | |
| 1st plur. | — | |
| 2nd plur. | — | |
| 3rd plur. | — | |
| Present imperative | Active | Passive |
| 2nd sing. | *fere | *ferezo |
| 2nd plur. | *ferete | — |
| Future imperative | Active | |
| 2nd + 3rd sing. | *feretōd | |
| Participles | Present | Past |
| *ferents | *fertos | |
| Verbal nouns | tu-derivative | s-derivative |
| *fertum | *ferezi | |
Related terms
Descendants
Since the paradigm lacked a perfect, a periphrastic perfect was supplied by using the perfect of other verbs. Different languages chose different verbs: Latin used the perfect of *tolnō, while Umbrian used the perfect of *didō. In Latin, the original past participle was ousted in its verbal function by this verb as well.
- Latin: ferō, fertus
- Marrucinian: feret (3rd plural present), ferenter (3rd plural present passive)
- Umbrian: fertu (3rd singular imperative)
- Volscian: ferom (infinitive)
References
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7)[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN