Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰéreti
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This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-European[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Thematic root present of *bʰer- (“to bear, carry”).
Verb[edit]
*bʰéreti (imperfective)[1]
- to be carrying
Inflection[edit]
| Imperfective, thematic | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3rd singular | *bʰéreti | ||||
| 3rd plural | *bʰéronti | ||||
| Active voice | Present indicative | Past indicative | Imperative | Subjunctive | Optative |
| 1st singular | *bʰéroh₂ | *bʰérom | — | *bʰérōh₂ | *bʰéroyh₁m̥ |
| 2nd singular | *bʰéresi | *bʰéres | *bʰére | *bʰérēsi | *bʰéroys |
| 3rd singular | *bʰéreti | *bʰéret | *bʰéretu | *bʰérēti | *bʰéroyt |
| 1st dual | *bʰérowos | *bʰérowe | — | *bʰérōwos | *bʰéroywe |
| 2nd dual | *bʰéretes | *bʰéretom | *bʰéretom | *bʰérētes | *bʰéroytom |
| 3rd dual | *bʰéretes | *bʰéretām | *bʰéretām | *bʰérētes | *bʰéroytām |
| 1st plural | *bʰéromos | *bʰérome | — | *bʰérōmos | *bʰéroyme |
| 2nd plural | *bʰérete | *bʰérete | *bʰérete | *bʰérēte | *bʰéroyte |
| 3rd plural | *bʰéronti | *bʰéront | *bʰérontu | *bʰérōnti | *bʰéroyh₁n̥t |
| Participle | *bʰéronts | ||||
| Middle voice | Present indicative | Past indicative | Imperative | Subjunctive | Optative |
| 1st singular | *bʰéroh₂er | *bʰéroh₂e | — | *bʰérōh₂er | *bʰéroyh₂e |
| 2nd singular | *bʰéreth₂er | *bʰéreth₂e | *bʰéreso | *bʰérēth₂er | *bʰéroyth₂e |
| 3rd singular | *bʰéretor | *bʰéreto | *? | *bʰérētor | *bʰéroyto, *bʰéroyh₁o |
| 1st dual | *bʰérowosdʰh₂ | *bʰérowedʰh₂ | — | *bʰérōwosdʰh₂ | *bʰéroywedʰh₂ |
| 2nd dual | *? | *? | *? | *? | *? |
| 3rd dual | *? | *? | *? | *? | *? |
| 1st plural | *bʰéromosdʰh₂ | *bʰéromedʰh₂ | — | *bʰérōmosdʰh₂ | *bʰéroymedʰh₂ |
| 2nd plural | *bʰéredʰh₂we | *bʰéredʰh₂we | *bʰéredʰh₂we | *bʰérēdʰh₂we | *bʰéroydʰh₂we |
| 3rd plural | *bʰéroror, *bʰérontor | *bʰéroro, *bʰéronto | *? | *bʰérōror, *bʰérōntor | *bʰéroyro, *bʰéroyh₁n̥to |
| Participle | *bʰéromnos | ||||
Descendants[edit]
- Proto-Albanian: *berja
- Albanian: bie (“to bring”)
- Proto-Armenian:
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *ber-
- Proto-Celtic: *bereti (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Germanic: *beraną (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Hellenic: *pʰérō (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰárati (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic: *ferō (see there for further descendants)
- Messapic: beran (“Bring!”)[2]
- Proto-Tocharian:
References[edit]
- ^ Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)[1], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
- ^ Carlos Quiles, Kárlos Kūriákī, Fernando López-Menchero (2011) A Grammar of Modern Indo European[2], Indo-European Language Association, →ISBN, page 104