Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/griva

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *grī́ˀwāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷriHweh₂. Cognate with Sanskrit ग्रीवा (grīvā́, “neck”).

Noun

*grìva f

1. mane

Inflection

Declension of *grìva (hard a-stem, accent paradigm a)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*grìva	*grìvě	*grìvy
genitive	*grìvy	*grìvu	*grìvъ
dative	*grìvě	*grìvama	*grìvamъ
accusative	*grìvǫ	*grìvě	*grìvy
instrumental	*grìvojǫ, *grìvǭ**	*grìvama	*grìvamī
locative	*grìvě	*grìvu	*grìvasъ, *grìvaxъ*
vocative	*grìvo	*grìvě	*grìvy

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: грива (griva)
    • Belarusian: гры́ва (hrýva)
    • Russian: гри́ва (gríva)
  • Ukrainian: гри́ва (hrýva)
• South Slavic:
  • Bulgarian: гри́ва (gríva)
  • Macedonian: грива (griva)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: гри̏ва

    Latin script: grȉva

  • Slovene: gríva (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Czech: hříva
  • Polish: grzywa
  • Slovak: hriva
  • Sorbian:
    • Lower Sorbian: griwa
    • Upper Sorbian: hriwa
• → Yiddish: גריווע (grive)

Further reading

• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1980), “*griva”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 07 (*golvačь – *gyžati), Moscow: Nauka, page 129
• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “грива”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress