Reconstruction:Proto-Algonquian/-θkani

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This Proto-Algonquian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Algonquian

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Proto-Algic *wʔeɬkan, whence also Wiyot watkerat (bone)[1] and Yurok 'wrhlkr' (bone). The term was always possessed, and in some languages (including Yurok) the third-person prefix (*weʔ-) was incorporated into the stem.

Noun

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*-θkani

  1. bone, leg
    *neθkani (my bone)
    *weθkani (her or his bone)

Descendants

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  • Plains Algonquian:
    • Blackfoot: okh-kin (bone)
    • Arapaho: hix
    • Cheyenne: he'ko (bone, leg)
  • Central Algonquian:
    • Cree: miskan / ᒥᐢᑲᐣ (miskan, bone)
    • Menominee: ohka·n (bone)
    • Ojibwe: -kan (bone) (nikan (my bone), gikan (your bone))
    • Fox (Sauk): ahkani (bone)
    • Shawnee: hohkani (his bone)
    • Miami: (ni)hkani ((my) bone, (my) leg)
  • Eastern Algonquian:
    • Abenaki: (m)skan (bone)
    • Mohegan-Pequot: -skan (bone)
    • Unami: xkàn (bone)

See also

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References

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  • Siebert 1975
  • Ives Goddard, Algonquian, Wiyot, and Yurok, in Linguistics and Anthropology: in Honor of C. F. Voegelin →ISBN
  • David Costa, Shawnee Noun Plurals, in Anthropological Linguistics, 43:3 (2001): cites it with the third-person prefix, i.e. as weθkani
  • Costa, David J. (2003) The Miami-Illinois Language (Studies in the Native Languages of the Americas), Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, →ISBN: cites it with the first-person prefix, i.e. as neθkani
  1. ^ Note that, as Goddard writes (op. cit.), "in the words for 'bone' and 'liver' Wiyot has d (phonetically a flap [r]) where Algonquian has *n. [...] Wiyot d goes back to earlier *n in all cases." That Wiyot r (i.e. /r/, which Goddard writes as ‹d›) originates from n was previously noted also by Sapir and by Kroeber.