Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/kandël

This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic

Etymology

Disputed; theories include:

• borrowing from Proto-Baltic [Term?] (whence Latvian kokle and Lithuanian kanklės)
• borrowing from Proto-Slavic *gondtlь
• independent derivation from *kantë- (“cover”) (with *-l(a))
• independent derivation from *kanta (“heel”) (with *-l(a)).

Noun

*kandël

1. kantele

Inflection

Inflection of *kandël

Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
		singular	plural
nominative		*kandël	*kantëlët
accusative		*kantëlën	*kantëlët
genitive		*kantëlën	*kandëldën *kantëlidën
partitive		*kandëlta	*kantëlita
inessive		*kantëlëssa *kantëlëhna	*kantëlissa *kantëlihna
elative		*kantëlësta	*kantëlista
illative		*kantëlësën	*kantëlisën
adessive		*kantëlëlla	*kantëlilla
ablative		*kantëlëlta	*kantëlilta
allative		*kantëlëlën *kantëlëlëk	*kantëlilën *kantëlilëk
essive		*kandëlla	*kantëlina
translative		*kantëlëksi	*kantëliksi
instructive		*kantëlën	*kantëlin
comitative		*kandëllëk	*kantëlinëk
abessive		*kantëlëtta	*kantëlitta

Descendants

From *kandël:

• Estonian: kannel
• Finnish: kannel
• Ingrian: kannel
• Livonian: kāndla
• Veps: kandel
• Võro: kannõl'
• Votic: kannõl

From *kantëlëh (with *-ëh):

• Finnish: kantele
  • → Inari Sami: kaddâlâs
  • → Northern Sami: gándil
• Karelian:
  • North Karelian: kanteleh
  • South Karelian: kandeleh
• Livvi: kandeleh
• Ludian: kandeleh

Further reading

• Kallio, Petri (2020–), “*kantëlëh”, in Yhteissuomalainen sanasto [Common Finnic Vocabulary]‎^[2] (in Finnish)
• “kannel”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012