Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/kutodak
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This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Finnic[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From earlier *kuta- + *-odak, from Proto-Finno-Permic *kuda-, possibly borrowed from an early IE language in which it continues Proto-Indo-European *h₂ew-dʰ-, an extension of *h₂ew- (“to braid, to weave”).[1] Uralic cognates include Proto-Samic *koδētēk, Proto-Mordvinic *kodams and Proto-Permic *ku̇ni.
Verb[edit]
*kutodak (stem *kuto-)
Inflection[edit]
Inflection of *kutodak
| Note: The Proto-Finnic conjugation system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | ||||
| present | past | imperative | optative | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sing. | *kudon | *kudoin | — | *kutogon |
| 2nd sing. | *kudot | *kudoit | *kudok | *kutogos |
| 3rd sing. | *kutobi *kuto |
*kutoi | *kutogasën | *kutogosën |
| 1st plur. | *kudokmëk *kudokmak |
*kutoimëk *kutoimak |
*kutogatëmëk *kutogatamak |
*kutogotëmëk *kutogotamak |
| 2nd plur. | *kudoktëk *kudoktak |
*kutoidëk *kutoidak |
*kutogatë *kutogata |
*kutogot'ëk *kutogotadak |
| 3rd plur. | *kutobat *kuto |
*kutoi | *kutogasën | *kutogosën |
| passive | *kudoksën *kudot'aksën |
*kutodisën *kudottisën |
*kutodakahën *kudottakahën |
*kutodakohën *kudottakohën |
| connegative | *kudok | — | *kutogak | *kutogok |
| passive connegative | *kudoktak | — | *kutodagak *kudottagak |
*kutodagok *kudottagok |
| conditional 1 | conditional 2 | potential | ||
| 1st sing. | *kudokcin | *kutoicin | *kutonën | |
| 2nd sing. | *kudokcit | *kutoicit | *kutonët | |
| 3rd sing. | *kudokci | *kutoici | *kutoni | |
| 1st plur. | *kudokcimëk *kudokcimak |
*kutoicimëk *kutoicimak |
*kutonëmëk *kutonëmak | |
| 2nd plur. | *kudokcidëk *kudokcidak |
*kutoicidëk *kutoicidak |
*kutonëdëk *kutonëdak | |
| 3rd plur. | *kudokci | *kutoici | *kutoni | |
| passive | *kutodakcihën *kudot'akcihën |
*kutodicihën *kudotticihën |
*kutodanëhën *kudottanëhën | |
| connegative | *kudokcik | *kutoicik | *kutonëk | |
| passive connegative | *kutodakcik *kudot'akcik |
*kutodicik *kudotticik |
*kutodanëk *kudottanëk | |
| non-finite forms | infinitives/nouns | participles | ||
| active | passive | |||
| infinitive 1 | *kutodak | present | *kutoba | *kutodapa *kudottapa |
| infinitive 2 | *kutodë- | past | *kutonut | *kutodu *kudottu |
| gerund/supine | *kutoma | |||
| action noun | *kutominen | |||
Derived terms[edit]
Descendants[edit]
- Estonian: kuduma/kududa
- Finnish: kutoa
- Ingrian: kuttoa
- Karelian: kutuo (Northern), kuduo (Southern)
- Livonian: ku’ddõ, (Salaca) kudd
- Livvi: kuduo
- Ludian: kudoda
- Veps: kudoda
- Võro: kudama/kutaq
- Votic: kuttoa
References[edit]
- ^ Koivulehto, Jorma (1991) Uralische Evidenz für die Laryngaltheorie (Philosophisch-Historische Klasse; 556) (in German), Vienna: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, →ISBN