Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/vaakkudak
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This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Finnic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Verb
[edit]*vaakkudak (stem *vaakku-)
- to caw (to make cry of a crow)
Inflection
[edit]Inflection of *vaakkudak
| Note: The Proto-Finnic conjugation system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | ||||
| present | past | imperative | optative | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sing. | *vaak'un | *vaak'uin | — | *vaakkugon |
| 2nd sing. | *vaak'ut | *vaak'uit | *vaak'uk | *vaakkugos |
| 3rd sing. | *vaakkubi *vaakku |
*vaakkui | *vaakkugasën | *vaakkugosën |
| 1st plur. | *vaak'ukmëk *vaak'ukmak |
*vaakkuimëk *vaakkuimak |
*vaakkugatëmëk *vaakkugatamak |
*vaakkugotëmëk *vaakkugotamak |
| 2nd plur. | *vaak'uktëk *vaak'uktak |
*vaakkuidëk *vaakkuidak |
*vaakkugatë *vaakkugata |
*vaakkugot'ëk *vaakkugotadak |
| 3rd plur. | *vaakkubat *vaakku |
*vaakkui | *vaakkugasën | *vaakkugosën |
| passive | *vaak'uksën *vaak'ut'aksën |
*vaakkudisën *vaak'uttisën |
*vaakkudakahën *vaak'uttakahën |
*vaakkudakohën *vaak'uttakohën |
| connegative | *vaak'uk | — | *vaakkugak | *vaakkugok |
| passive connegative | *vaak'uktak | — | *vaakkudagak *vaak'uttagak |
*vaakkudagok *vaak'uttagok |
| conditional 1 | conditional 2 | potential | ||
| 1st sing. | *vaak'ukcin | *vaakkuicin | *vaakkunën | |
| 2nd sing. | *vaak'ukcit | *vaakkuicit | *vaakkunët | |
| 3rd sing. | *vaak'ukci | *vaakkuici | *vaakkuni | |
| 1st plur. | *vaak'ukcimëk *vaak'ukcimak |
*vaakkuicimëk *vaakkuicimak |
*vaakkunëmëk *vaakkunëmak | |
| 2nd plur. | *vaak'ukcidëk *vaak'ukcidak |
*vaakkuicidëk *vaakkuicidak |
*vaakkunëdëk *vaakkunëdak | |
| 3rd plur. | *vaak'ukci | *vaakkuici | *vaakkuni | |
| passive | *vaakkudakcihën *vaak'ut'akcihën |
*vaakkudicihën *vaak'utticihën |
*vaakkudanëhën *vaak'uttanëhën | |
| connegative | *vaak'ukcik | *vaakkuicik | *vaakkunëk | |
| passive connegative | *vaakkudakcik *vaak'ut'akcik |
*vaakkudicik *vaak'utticik |
*vaakkudanëk *vaak'uttanëk | |
| non-finite forms | infinitives/nouns | participles | ||
| active | passive | |||
| infinitive 1 | *vaakkudak | present | *vaakkuba | *vaakkudapa *vaak'uttapa |
| infinitive 2 | *vaakkudë- | past | *vaakkunut | *vaakkudu *vaak'uttu |
| gerund/supine | *vaakkuma | |||
| action noun | *vaakkuminen | |||
Descendants
[edit]- Estonian: vaakuma/vaakuda
- Finnish: vaakkua
- Karelian: voakkoa (< *vaakkadak)
- Võro: vaakma/vaakuq
- Votic: (Jõgõperä, Kattila) vaakkua
Further reading
[edit]- “vaakuma”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012