Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bergaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰérǵʰos, from *bʰerǵʰ-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈber.ɣɑz/

Noun

*bergaz m

1. hill; mountain
2. refuge; shelter

Inflection

masculine a-stemDeclension of *bergaz (masculine a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*bergaz	*bergōz, *bergōs
vocative	*berg	*bergōz, *bergōs
accusative	*bergą	*berganz
genitive	*bergas, *birgis	*bergǫ̂
dative	*birgai	*bergamaz
instrumental	*bergō	*bergamiz

Derived terms

• *bergafriþuz

Related terms

• *burgz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *berg
  • Old English: beorg, berg
    • Middle English: bergh, berȝ, beruȝ, beruh, berw
      • English: barrow; bargh (Northern England)
      • Scots: burrae
    • Middle English: berȝe, beryhe, berye (via beorge (genitive))
      • English: berry
  • Old Frisian: berch
    • North Frisian: beerg
    • Saterland Frisian: Bíerig
    • West Frisian: berch
  • Old Saxon: berg, berag
    • Middle Low German: berch
      • German Low German: Barg
      • Plautdietsch: Boajch
  • Old Dutch: berg
    • Middle Dutch: berch
      • Dutch: berg
        • Afrikaans: berg
          • → English: berg
        • Berbice Creole Dutch: berki
        • Jersey Dutch: bêrix
        • Negerhollands: berg, bergi
          • → Virgin Islands Creole: berg, bergi
        • → Aukan: beligi
        • → Sranan Tongo: bergi
          • → Caribbean Javanese: bérgi
      • Limburgish: berg
  • Old High German: berg
    • Middle High German: bërc
      • Alemannic German: Bäärg, Bärg, Bèèrg, Bërg
      • Bavarian:

        Cimbrian: pèrge

        Mòcheno: pèrg

      • Central Franconian: Berch

        Eifel: Bersch

        Hunsrik: Berrich

      • East Central German: Barg (Erzgebirgisch)
      • German: Berg
      • Luxembourgish: Bierg
      • Pennsylvania German: Barig
      • Yiddish: באַרג‎ (barg)
    • ⇒ Old High German: giberg
      • Middle High German: gebërc
        • Vilamovian: gybiyg
• Old Norse: berg n, bjarg n (both from *bergą)
  • Icelandic: berg, bjarg
  • Faroese: berg, bjarg, bjørg
  • Norwegian: berg
    • → Danish: berg (also from German)
      • Norwegian Bokmål: berg
  • Elfdalian: bjärr, bjärg-, bjärgs-, bjärrs-
  • Old Swedish: biærgh, bærgh
    • Swedish: berg
  • Old Danish: biargh, biærgh, bærgh
    • Scanian: bjærğ
    • Danish: bjerg
      • Norwegian Bokmål: bjerg
  • Gutnish: berg, bjerg, bjerr
  • → Scots: berg
• Gothic: *𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌲𐍃 (*bairgs) (attested in compounds), 𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌴𐌹 (bairgahei)