Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fifaldǭ

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *pa(l)-pal- (“fluttering; butterfly”), a reduplication of Proto-Indo-European *pal- (“to touch, tap, pat”), possibly of onomatopoeic origin. Cognate with Latin pāpiliō (“butterfly”), Lithuanian pi̇́epala (“quail”), Proto-Slavic *perpelъ (“quail”), Lithuanian papelučkà (“moth, owlling”), Old Mazanderani پاپلی (pāp(e)lē, “butterfly”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɸi.ɸɑl.dɔ̃ː/

Noun

*fifaldǭ f

1. butterfly

Inflection

Declension of *fifaldǭ (ōn-stem)

	singular	plural
nominative	*fifaldǭ	*fifaldōniz
vocative	*fifaldǭ	*fifaldōniz
accusative	*fifaldōnų	*fifaldōnunz
genitive	*fifaldōniz	*fifaldōnǫ̂
dative	*fifaldōni	*fifaldōmaz
instrumental	*fifaldōnē	*fifaldōmiz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *fifaldā, *fifaldrā
  • Old English: fifalde, fifealde
  • Old Saxon: fīfoldara, fivildra, vivildra
  • Old Dutch: *fifaltra, *fīfaltra
    • Middle Dutch: vivaltere, vivalter, viveltere, vyvalter
      • Dutch: vijfwouter, wiewouter
  • Old High German: fifaltra, pifoltra, fīfaltra; zwifaltra
    • Middle High German: vīvalter, vīveltre; *zwīvalter
      • German: Feifalter, Pfeiffalter; Zwiefalter, Zweifalter; Falter
      • ⇒ Yiddish: פֿלאַטערל (flaterl)
• Old Norse: fífrildi, fiðrildi
  • Icelandic: fiðrildi
  • Faroese: fiðrildi, firvaldur
  • Norwegian Bokmål: fivreld, fryvil
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: fivreld, fivrelde, fevældre, fivel, fyrveld, fivrild, fibrelde, forelde
  • Old Swedish: fiädhal
    • Swedish: fjäril
  • Gutnish: fjädavall, fjädurhalldi, fjädaralld
  • Dalian: fjörald, fjäråld
    • Western: fjöril
    • Elfdalian: fyörolder
    • Eastern: fjärålder, fjäråll, fjöråll, fyrålld
  • Gutnish: fjödarvald, fjädarvall, fjedurhaldi
  • Helsingian: fel, fyller, fjöder, flöijel