Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kunþaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

*kunnaną (“to know”) +‎ *-þaz (past participle suffix). See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

May also be analyzed as from pre-Germanic *ǵń̥h₃tos, via unexplained accent shift from Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥h₃tós,^[1] or analogical replacement of the suffix.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈkun.θɑz/
Rhymes: -un.θɑz

Participle

*kunþaz^[2]^[3]

past participle of *kunnaną

Adjective

*kunþaz

known

Inflection

Declension of *kunþaz (a-stem)
Strong declension
	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*kunþaz	*kunþō	*kunþą, -atō	*kunþai	*kunþôz	*kunþō
accusative	*kunþanǭ	*kunþǭ	*kunþą, -atō	*kunþanz	*kunþōz	*kunþō
genitive	*kunþas, -is	*kunþaizōz	*kunþas, -is	*kunþaizǫ̂	*kunþaizǫ̂	*kunþaizǫ̂
dative	*kunþammai	*kunþaizōi	*kunþammai	*kunþaimaz	*kunþaimaz	*kunþaimaz
instrumental	*kunþanō	*kunþaizō	*kunþanō	*kunþaimiz	*kunþaimiz	*kunþaimiz

Weak declension
	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*kunþô	*kunþǭ	*kunþô	*kunþaniz	*kunþōniz	*kunþōnō
accusative	*kunþanų	*kunþōnų	*kunþô	*kunþanunz	*kunþōnunz	*kunþōnō
genitive	*kunþiniz	*kunþōniz	*kunþiniz	*kunþanǫ̂	*kunþōnǫ̂	*kunþanǫ̂
dative	*kunþini	*kunþōni	*kunþini	*kunþammaz	*kunþōmaz	*kunþammaz
instrumental	*kunþinē	*kunþōnē	*kunþinē	*kunþammiz	*kunþōmiz	*kunþammiz

Derived terms

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *kunþ
- Old English: cūþ
  - Middle English: couth
    - English: couth
    - Scots: couth
- Old Frisian: kūth
  - Saterland Frisian: kuud
- Old Saxon: kūth, *kunth
  - Middle Low German: kunt
    - German Low German: kund (in derivatives)
- Old Dutch: cunt
  - Middle Dutch: cont
    - Dutch: kond
- Old High German: kund
  - Middle High German: kunt
    - German: kund
Old Norse: kunnr, kuðr
- Icelandic: kunnur, kuður
- Faroese: kunnur
- Old Swedish: kunder
  - Swedish: kund
- Old Danish:
  - Danish: kund
Gothic: 𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌸𐍃 (kunþs)

References

^ Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*kunþa-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 312
^ “couth, adj. (and n.¹)”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1893.
^ “cǒuth, adj. (& n.)”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

[1] Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*kunþa-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 312

[OED-2] “couth, adj. (and n.¹)”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1893.

[3] “cǒuth, adj. (& n.)”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

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