Reconstruction:Proto-Hmong-Mien/NKan

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This Proto-Hmong-Mien entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Hmong-Mien

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Etymology

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Compare Proto-Tai *ɣaːᴬ (thatch grass), Proto-Hlai *Ciɦaː (thatch grass (Imperata cylindrica)), Proto-Kra *kaᴬ (cogon grass), Proto-Austronesian *Riaq (sword grass: Imperata cylindrica).

Noun

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*NKan

  1. cogon grass (Imperata cylindrica)

Descendants

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  • Hmongic
    • Pa Hng
      • Pa Hng - Gundong 滚董: so³¹qa⁰³ŋe³⁵
      • Hm Nai - Mao'ao 毛坳: qa⁰³nuŋ³⁵
    • North Hmongic
      • West Xiangxi (Xong) - Layiping 腊乙坪: qo³⁵ntsʰɯ⁴⁴
      • East Xiangxi (Suang) - Xiaozhang 小章: tsʰɯ⁵⁵
    • East Hmongic
      • North Qiandong - Yanghao 养蒿: qɛ³³
      • East Qiandong - Caidiwan 菜地湾: njaŋ²²qei²⁴
      • South Qiandong - Yaogao 尧告: tam¹³qa¹³
      • West Qiandong (Raojia) - Heba 河坝: mjaŋ⁵⁵qei⁴⁴
    • Sheic
      • Younuo 优诺: ŋo⁴⁴
      • Jiongnai - Longhua 龙华: ŋkan⁴⁴lau³¹
      • Bana 巴那: sai¹³mo³¹³tsʰo³⁵
      • She - Xiashuicun 下水村: kaŋ²²
    • West Hmongic
      • Bunu
        • Dongnu - Qibainong 七百弄: ʔa⁰²ŋko³³
        • Nunu - Xishan 西山: ko²²ko³³
        • Numao - Yaolu 瑶麓: kjaŋ¹³ntje⁵⁵
      • Core
        • East Luobuohe (Xijia) - Shibanqiao 石板寨: ʔa⁰²mbo³¹
        • West Luobuohe - Gaozhai 高寨: ʔə⁰²mbo³¹
        • Huishui - Gaopo 高坡: ŋqĩ²⁴
        • Mashan - Zongdi 宗地: ŋkæn³²
        • A-Hmao - Shimenpo 石门坡: tɬau⁵⁵ŋqɯ⁵⁵
        • Chuanqiandian - Dananshan 大南山: ŋqen⁴³
  • Mienic
    • Mien
      • Guangdian (Jiangdi): gaːn³³
      • Xiangnan (Miaoziyuan): gaŋ³³
    • Kim Mun
      • Diangui (Liangzi): gaːn³⁵
      • Fanghai (Tansan): gaːn¹³
    • Biao Mon
      • Changping: gaːn³³
      • Luoxiang: gaːn³³
    • Biao Min
      • Dongshan: gwan³³
      • Shikou: meu⁵⁵klœ³³
      • Niuweizhai: kan³³tsʰiŋ³³mja⁵³
    • Dzao Min (Daping): a⁴⁴gɔn⁴⁴

References

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  • Ratliff, Martha (2010) Hmong-Mien language history (Studies in Language Change; 8), Camberra, Australia: Pacific Linguistics, →ISBN.
  • Chen, Qiguang (陈其光) (2013) Miao Yao yuwen (苗瑶语文), Beijing: Minzu chubanshe (民族出版社), →ISBN
  • Mao, Zongwu (毛宗武) (2004) Yaozu Mianyu fangyan yanjiu (瑤族勉语方言研究), Beijing: Minzu chubanshe (民族出版社)