Reconstruction:Proto-Hmong-Mien/douˣ

This Proto-Hmong-Mien entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Hmong-Mien

Etymology

Compare Proto-Sino-Tibetan *duk 'to burn, kindle' (Matisoff, 2015)

Noun

*douˣ

1. fire

Descendants

• Hmongic
  • Pa Hng
    • Pa Hng - Gundong 滚董: qa⁰³tau¹¹
    • Hm Nai - Mao'ao 毛坳: qa⁰³teu¹¹
  • North Hmongic
    • West Xiangxi (Xong) - Layiping 腊乙坪: pji⁴⁴tə²²
    • East Xiangxi (Suang) - Xiaozhang 小章: bo³³da⁵⁵
  • East Hmongic
    • North Qiandong - Yanghao 养蒿: tu¹¹
    • East Qiandong - Caidiwan 菜地湾: to²¹²
    • South Qiandong - Yaogao 尧告: ta²⁴¹
    • West Qiandong (Raojia) - Heba 河坝: to²¹
  • Sheic
    • Younuo 优诺: teu³²
    • Jiongnai - Longhua 龙华: tau³¹
    • Bana 巴那: to³¹
    • She - Xiashuicun 下水村: tʰɔ⁵³
  • West Hmongic
    • Bunu
      • Dongnu - Qibainong 七百弄: ʔa⁰²to²³¹
      • Nunu - Xishan 西山: tʰo⁴⁴
      • Numao - Yaolu 瑶麓: to⁵³
    • Core
      • East Luobuohe (Xijia) - Shibanqiao 石板寨: qo⁰⁵zo⁵⁵
      • West Luobuohe - Gaozhai 高寨: ʔə⁰²ðo⁵⁵
      • Huishui - Gaopo 高坡: tə³¹
      • Mashan - Zongdi 宗地: tɯ¹¹
      • A-Hmao - Shimenpo 石门坡: dey³³
      • Chuanqiandian - Dananshan 大南山: teu²¹
• Mienic
  • Mien
    • Guangdian (Jiangdi): tou²³¹
    • Xiangnan (Miaoziyuan): təu²³²
  • Kim Mun
    • Diangui (Liangzi): tou³²
    • Fanghai (Tansan): ʔtɔu³¹
  • Biao Mon
    • Changping: tau¹²¹
    • Luoxiang: tou²¹³
  • Biao Min
    • Dongshan: təu⁴²
    • Shikou: teu³¹
    • Niuweizhai: tʰu⁴³³
  • Dzao Min (Daping): a⁴⁴tu⁴⁴

References

• Ratliff, Martha (2010) Hmong-Mien language history (Studies in Language Change; 8), Camberra, Australia: Pacific Linguistics, →ISBN.
• Chen, Qiguang (陈其光) (2013) Miao Yao yuwen (苗瑶语文), Beijing: Minzu chubanshe (民族出版社), →ISBN
• Mao, Zongwu (毛宗武) (2004) Yaozu Mianyu fangyan yanjiu (瑤族勉语方言研究), Beijing: Minzu chubanshe (民族出版社)