Reconstruction:Proto-Hmong-Mien/raˣ

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This Proto-Hmong-Mien entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Hmong-Mien

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Noun

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*raˣ

  1. urine

Descendants

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  • Hmongic
    • Pa Hng
      • Pa Hng - Gundong 滚董: ʔaŋ³⁵wi¹¹
      • Hm Nai - Mao'ao 毛坳: ʔaŋ³⁵we¹¹
    • North Hmongic
      • West Xiangxi (Xong) - Layiping 腊乙坪: ʐɑ²²
      • East Xiangxi (Suang) - Xiaozhang 小章: ʑa⁵⁵
    • East Hmongic
      • North Qiandong - Yanghao 养蒿: va¹¹
      • South Qiandong - Yaogao 尧告: vi²⁴¹
      • West Qiandong (Raojia) - Heba 河坝: ʔeu⁴⁴ɣa²¹
    • Sheic
      • Younuo 优诺: va³²
      • Jiongnai - Longhua 龙华: ŋkwei³¹
      • Bana 巴那: va³¹
      • She - Xiashuicun 下水村: ji⁵³
    • West Hmongic
      • Bunu
        • Dongnu - Qibainong 七百弄: ɣo²³¹
        • Nunu - Xishan 西山: via⁴⁴
        • Numao - Yaolu 瑶麓: ʑa⁵³
      • Core
        • East Luobuohe (Xijia) - Shibanqiao 石板寨: qo⁰⁵jɛ⁵⁵
        • West Luobuohe - Gaozhai 高寨: ʔə⁰²jæ⁵⁵
        • Huishui - Gaopo 高坡: ʐa³¹
        • Mashan - Zongdi 宗地: ʐɿ¹¹
        • A-Hmao - Shimenpo 石门坡: vɯ³³
        • Chuanqiandian - Dananshan 大南山: ʐi²¹
          • White Hmong: zis
  • Mienic
    • Mien
      • Guangdian (Jiangdi): wje²³¹
      • Xiangnan (Miaoziyuan): gwje³³
    • Kim Mun
      • Diangui (Liangzi): va³²
      • Fanghai (Tansan): va³¹
    • Biao Mon
      • Changping: va¹²¹
      • Luoxiang: wa²¹³
    • Biao Min
      • Dongshan: lɔ⁴²
      • Shikou: fu³¹
      • Niuweizhai: hja⁴³³
    • Dzao Min (Daping): a⁴⁴vjɛ⁴⁴

References

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  • Ratliff, Martha (2010) Hmong-Mien language history (Studies in Language Change; 8), Camberra, Australia: Pacific Linguistics, →ISBN, page 270; 286.
  • Chen, Qiguang (陈其光) (2013) Miao Yao yuwen (苗瑶语文), Beijing: Minzu chubanshe (民族出版社), →ISBN
  • Mao, Zongwu (毛宗武) (2004) Yaozu Mianyu fangyan yanjiu (瑤族勉语方言研究), Beijing: Minzu chubanshe (民族出版社)