Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵʰwer-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Alternative reconstructions

• *ǵʰwḗr- ~ *ǵʰwér-
• *ǵʰweh₁r-

Root

*ǵʰwer-

1. wild
2. wild animal

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵʰwer- (13 c, 0 e)

• *ǵʰwḗr (< **ǵʰwér-s)
  • Proto-Hellenic: *kʷʰḗr
    • Ancient Greek: θήρ (thḗr) (see there for further descendants)
    • ⇒? Mycenaean Greek: 𐀤𐀫 (qe-ro /⁠Kʷʰērōn⁠/, given name)
      • ⇒ Mycenaean Greek: 𐀤𐀪𐀍 (qe-ri-jo /⁠Kʷʰēriōn⁠/)
• *ǵʰwér-os
  • Proto-Italic: *feros
    • Latin: ferus (see there for further descendants)
• *ǵʰwér-ō (< **ǵʰwér-on-s)
  • >? Proto-Germanic: *berô (“bear”) (possibly) (see there for further descendants)
• *ǵʰwer-o-h₃kʷs
  • Proto-Italic: *ferōks
    • Latin: ferōx (see there for further descendants)
• *ǵʰwer-is
  • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *źwēˀrís
    • East Baltic:
      • Latgalian: zviers
      • Latvian: zvêrs
      • Lithuanian: žvėrìs
    • West Baltic:
      • Old Prussian: swīrins
    • Proto-Slavic: *zvě̑rь (see there for further descendants)
• Unsorted formations:
  • Ancient Greek: θήρα (thḗra, “hunt”), θηράω (thēráō, “to hunt”), θήραμα (thḗrama, “prey, spoil, game”)
  • Tocharian:
    • Tocharian A: śaru
    • Tocharian B: śerwe (“hunter”)

Further reading

• Pokorny, Julius (1959) “493”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 493