Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/(s)kʷálos

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Sometimes compared with Proto-Uralic *kala, as well as to Proto-Indo-European *kʷel- (“to turn”).

Noun

*(s)kʷálos m

1. large fish
2. sheatfish

Inflection

Thematic
	singular
nominative	*(s)kʷálos
genitive	*(s)kʷálosyo
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*(s)kʷálos	*(s)kʷáloh₁	*(s)kʷáloes
vocative	*(s)kʷále	*(s)kʷáloh₁	*(s)kʷáloes
accusative	*(s)kʷálom	*(s)kʷáloh₁	*(s)kʷáloms
genitive	*(s)kʷálosyo	*?	*(s)kʷáloHom
ablative	*(s)kʷálead	*?	*(s)kʷálomos, *(s)kʷálobʰos
dative	*(s)kʷáloey	*?	*(s)kʷálomos, *(s)kʷálobʰos
locative	*(s)kʷáley, *(s)kʷáloy	*?	*(s)kʷáloysu
instrumental	*(s)kʷáloh₁	*?	*(s)kʷálōys

Descendants

• Proto-Balto-Slavic:
  • Old Prussian: kalis (“sheatfish”)
• Proto-Germanic: *hwalaz (“whale”) (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Hellenic:
  • Ancient Greek: ἄσπαλος (áspalos, “fish”)
• Proto-Indo-Iranian: *(s)káras
  • Proto-Iranian: *(s)kárah
    • Avestan: 𐬐𐬀𐬭𐬀 (kara, “kind of fish”)
• Proto-Italic:
  • Latin: squalus (“shark”) (see there for further descendants)