Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dʰǵʰyésteros
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This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-European
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From the adverb *dʰǵʰyés (“yesterday”) + *-teros (contrastive suffix).
Adjective
[edit]*dʰǵʰyésteros
Inflection
[edit]| Thematic | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | ||
| nominative | *dʰǵʰyésteros | *dʰǵʰyéstereh₂ | |
| genitive | *dʰǵʰyésterosyo | *dʰǵʰyéstereh₂s | |
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *dʰǵʰyésteros | *dʰǵʰyésteroh₁ | *dʰǵʰyésteroes |
| vocative | *dʰǵʰyéstere | *dʰǵʰyésteroh₁ | *dʰǵʰyésteroes |
| accusative | *dʰǵʰyésterom | *dʰǵʰyésteroh₁ | *dʰǵʰyésteroms |
| genitive | *dʰǵʰyésterosyo | *? | *dʰǵʰyésteroHom |
| ablative | *dʰǵʰyésteread | *? | *dʰǵʰyésteromos, *dʰǵʰyésterobʰos |
| dative | *dʰǵʰyésteroey | *? | *dʰǵʰyésteromos, *dʰǵʰyésterobʰos |
| locative | *dʰǵʰyésterey, *dʰǵʰyésteroy | *? | *dʰǵʰyésteroysu |
| instrumental | *dʰǵʰyésteroh₁ | *? | *dʰǵʰyésterōys |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *dʰǵʰyéstereh₂ | *dʰǵʰyéstereh₂h₁(e) | *dʰǵʰyéstereh₂es |
| vocative | *dʰǵʰyéstereh₂ | *dʰǵʰyéstereh₂h₁(e) | *dʰǵʰyéstereh₂es |
| accusative | *dʰǵʰyésterām | *dʰǵʰyéstereh₂h₁(e) | *dʰǵʰyéstereh₂m̥s |
| genitive | *dʰǵʰyéstereh₂s | *? | *dʰǵʰyéstereh₂oHom |
| ablative | *dʰǵʰyéstereh₂s | *? | *dʰǵʰyéstereh₂mos, *dʰǵʰyéstereh₂bʰos |
| dative | *dʰǵʰyéstereh₂ey | *? | *dʰǵʰyéstereh₂mos, *dʰǵʰyéstereh₂bʰos |
| locative | *dʰǵʰyéstereh₂, *dʰǵʰyéstereh₂i | *? | *dʰǵʰyéstereh₂su |
| instrumental | *dʰǵʰyéstereh₂h₁ | *? | *dʰǵʰyéstereh₂mis, *dʰǵʰyéstereh₂bʰis |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *dʰǵʰyésterom | *dʰǵʰyésteroy(h₁) | *dʰǵʰyéstereh₂ |
| vocative | *dʰǵʰyésterom | *dʰǵʰyésteroy(h₁) | *dʰǵʰyéstereh₂ |
| accusative | *dʰǵʰyésterom | *dʰǵʰyésteroy(h₁) | *dʰǵʰyéstereh₂ |
| genitive | *dʰǵʰyésterosyo | *? | *dʰǵʰyésteroHom |
| ablative | *dʰǵʰyésteread | *? | *dʰǵʰyésteromos, *dʰǵʰyésterobʰos |
| dative | *dʰǵʰyésteroey | *? | *dʰǵʰyésteromos, *dʰǵʰyésterobʰos |
| locative | *dʰǵʰyésterey, *dʰǵʰyésteroy | *? | *dʰǵʰyésteroysu |
| instrumental | *dʰǵʰyésteroh₁ | *? | *dʰǵʰyésterōys |
Alternative reconstructions
[edit]- *ǵʰéstros[1]
Descendants
[edit]- Proto-Germanic: *gesteraz (adjective)
- ⇒ Proto-Germanic: *gestrą (adverb) (from the adverbial accusative)
- Gothic: *𐌲𐌹𐍃𐍄𐍂𐌰 (*gistra)
- ⇒ Gothic: 𐌲𐌹𐍃𐍄𐍂𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌲𐌹𐍃 (gistradagis) (+ 𐌳𐌰𐌲𐌹𐍃 (dagis, “day”))
- Gothic: *𐌲𐌹𐍃𐍄𐍂𐌰 (*gistra)
- ⇒ Proto-Italic: *hestrīnos (or *hesterinos or *hestrinos)
- Latin: hesternus (“of yesterday”) (see there for further descendants)
References
[edit]- ^ Dunkel, George E. (2014), Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems][1] (in German), volume 2: Lexikon, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, →ISBN, page 268