Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/néh₂s

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Noun

*néh₂s f^[1]

nose

Inflection

Athematic, amphikinetic
	singular
nominative	*néh₂s
genitive	*n̥h₂sés
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*néh₂s	*néh₂sh₁(e)	*néh₂ses
vocative	*néh₂s	*néh₂sh₁(e)	*néh₂ses
accusative	*néh₂sm̥	*néh₂sh₁(e)	*néh₂sm̥s
genitive	*n̥h₂sés	*?	*n̥h₂sóHom
ablative	*n̥h₂sés	*?	n̥h₂smós, n̥h₂sbʰós
dative	*n̥h₂séy	*?	n̥h₂smós, n̥h₂sbʰós
locative	néh₂s, néh₂si	*?	*n̥h₂sú
instrumental	*n̥h₂séh₁	*?	n̥h₂smís, n̥h₂sbʰís

Reconstruction notes

Appears like an s-stem from *neh₂-, but there is little other evidence for such a root.
If the stem-final *-s- is considered part of the root, this noun is a root noun and its inflection is amphikinetic. If on the other hand the root is seen as *neh₂- and *-(e)s- as the suffix, one may reconstruct either proterokinetic *néh₂-s-s ~ *n̥h₂-és-s or amphikinetic/hysterokinetic *néh₂-s-s ~ *n̥h₂-s-és; the latter is formally identical to the root noun as presented here. Compare *HóHs (“mouth”) for a similar problem.

Alternative reconstructions

*Hnéh₂s-^[2]^[3]
*nás-^[4]^[5] (with possibly nom.sg. *nā́s from *nás-s^[6])
*Hnás-^[7]^[8]

Derived terms

Unsorted formations

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *nasús (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Balto-Slavic:
- Proto-Slavic: *nozdrà (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Balto-Slavic: *nasrāˀ^[9]
- Lithuanian: nasrai̇̃ (“mouth, snout”), nastrai̇̃; nãsras (“mouth”)
>? Proto-Germanic: *nasją (“cape, headland, foothill”) (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Germanic: *nasō (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Germanic: *nustrō (influenced by *nusō?)
- Old Saxon: *nostar
  - Middle Low German: noster, nüster
    - Low German: Nüster
      - → German: Nüster

Descendants

Albanian: *noshë
- >? Albanian: noçë
Proto-Balto-Slavic: *nāˀsis^[10]
- Latvian: nāss
- Lithuanian: nósis
- Old Prussian: nozy
Proto-Italic: *nās^[2]
- ⇒ Proto-Italic: *nāzis^[2]
  - Latin: nāris (“nostril”) (see there for further descendants)
- ⇒ Proto-Italic: *nāssos^[2]
  - Latin: nāsus (“nose”) (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Indo-Iranian: *náHs (see there for further descendants)

References

^ Kortlandt, F. (1985), “Long vowels in Balto-Slavic”, in Baltistica‎^[1], volume XXI, number 2, →DOI, page 119
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “nāris”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 400
^ Lubotsky, Alexander (2011), “nás-”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, pages 332-3
^ Kölligan, Daniel (2018), “Chapter XX: Proto-Indo-European”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), volume 3, Berlin; Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The lexicon of Proto-Indo-European, page 2244
^ Ringe, Donald (2006), From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎^[2], 1st edition, Oxford: University Press, →ISBN, page 13
^ Byrd, Andrew Miles (2015), The Indo-European Syllable (Brill's Studies in Indo-European Languages & Linguistics; 15), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 44
^ Mallory, J. P. with Adams, D. Q. (2006), The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 174
^ Griepentrog, Wolfgang (1995), Die Wurzelnomina des Germanischen und ihre Vorgeschichte (in German), volume 82, Institut für Sprachwissenschaft der Universität Innsbruck, →ISBN, page 350
^ Derksen, Rick (2015), “nasrai”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 329-330
^ Derksen, Rick (2015), “nosis”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 357