Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/pers-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Possibly from *pe- (“away”, an ablaut variant of *h₂epó) +‎ *h₁ers- (“to flow”).^[1]

Root

*pers-^[2]^[3]

to sprinkle, to spatter

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *pers- (10 c, 0 e)

*pérs-e-ti
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *páršati
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *párṣati
    - Sanskrit: पर्षति (párṣati)
*pe-pérs-ti ~ *pe-pr̥s-énti (reduplicated athematic present)
- Anatolian:
  - Hittite: 𒉺𒀊𒈦𒀸𒍣 (pa-ap-pár-as-zi)
*pr̥s-ló-s
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *puršlas
  - Lithuanian: pur̃slas
*pérs-ont-s ~ *pŕ̥s-ont-s
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pŕ̥šants
  - Proto-Iranian:
    - Avestan: 𐬞𐬀𐬭𐬱𐬎𐬌𐬌𐬀 (paršuiia)
    - Northern Kurdish: pelişîn (“to scatter, sprinkle, crush, decay”)
    - Persian: پاشیدن (pâšidan)
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *pŕ̥ṣants
    - Sanskrit: पृषत् (pṛ́ṣat)
*pors-o-s^[4]^[5]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *paršas
  - Latvian: pā̀rsla
  - Proto-Slavic: *pȏrxъ (see there for further descendants)
*pŕ̥s-o-s^[6]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *piršas
  - Proto-Slavic: *pь̑rxъ (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Germanic: *fursaz (see there for further descendants)
*pŕ̥s-ti-s ~ *pr̥s-téy-s^[7]^[8]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *pirštis
  - Latvian: pìrkstis
  - Lithuanian: pir̃kšnys
  - Proto-Slavic: *pь̑rstь (see there for further descendants)

Unsorted formations

Proto-Tocharian: *pärs-^[9]
- Tocharian A: präsā-
- ⇒ Tocharian A: pärs-
  - →? Old Turkic: 𐰉𐰺𐰽 (bars /⁠b¹r¹s¹⁠/, “leopard”)
  - → Old Uyghur: 𐽼𐽰𐽾𐽻 (bars), 𐾀𐽰𐽿𐾅 (taš)
- Tocharian B: pärsā-

References

^ Dunkel, George E. (2014), “*áp, *ápo ‘weg, fort, ab; zurück, wieder; hinter, nach’”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems]‎^[1] (in German), volume 2: Lexikon, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, →ISBN, page 82
^ Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*fursa-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 161-162
^ Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008), “papparš-ⁱ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 726
^ Derksen, Rick (2008), “*pȏrxъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 429
^ Derksen, Rick (2015), “pārsla”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 413
^ Derksen, Rick (2008), “*pь̑rxъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 428
^ Derksen, Rick (2008), “*pь̑rstь”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 429
^ Derksen, Rick (2015), “pirkšnys”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 357
^ Adams, Douglas Q. (2013), “pärs-”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 401-402

[1] Dunkel, George E. (2014), “*áp, *ápo ‘weg, fort, ab; zurück, wieder; hinter, nach’”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems]‎^[1] (in German), volume 2: Lexikon, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, →ISBN, page 82

[2] Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*fursa-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 161-162

[3] Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008), “papparš-ⁱ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 726

[4] Derksen, Rick (2008), “*pȏrxъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 429

[5] Derksen, Rick (2015), “pārsla”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 413

[6] Derksen, Rick (2008), “*pь̑rxъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 428

[7] Derksen, Rick (2008), “*pь̑rstь”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 429

[8] Derksen, Rick (2015), “pirkšnys”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 357

[9] Adams, Douglas Q. (2013), “pärs-”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 401-402

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