Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/takrám

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This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

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Etymology

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From Proto-Indo-European *tn̥k-ló- (buttermilk). Compare Old English þēl.

Noun

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*takrám n

  1. buttermilk

Declension

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neuter a-stem
singular dual plural
nominative *takrám *takráy *takráH
vocative *takrám *takráy *takráH
accusative *takrám *takráy *takráH
instrumental *takrā́ *takráybʰyaH, -ā́bʰyām *takrā́yš
ablative *takrā́t *takráybʰyaH, -ā́bʰyām *takráybʰyas
dative *takrā́y *takráybʰyaH, -ā́bʰyām *takráybʰyas
genitive *takrásya *takráyās *takrā́na(H)m
locative *takráy *takráyaw *takráyšu

Descendants

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  • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *takrám
    • Sanskrit: तक्र (takrá) (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Iranian: *taxrám ~ *taxlám
    • Gurani: تاڵ (tāł), تاڵ (tāła)
    • Middle Persian: [script needed] (tʾhl /⁠taxl⁠/)
    • Kurdish:
      Northern Kurdish: tehl, te’l, tal (bitter)
      Central Kurdish: تاڵ (tall, bitter)
      Southern Kurdish: تیەڵ (tyell, bitter)
      Laki: تەڵ (tell, bitter)
    • Zazaki: ta’l (bitter)

References

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  • Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎[1] (in German), volume I, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 611-612
  • Mallory, J. P. with Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 262
  • MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press
  • Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “takrá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press