Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/HáyšHmah

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *HáyšHmas, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁óysh₂-mo-s, from *h₁eysh₂- (“to strengthen; to propel”) +‎ *-mos. Cognate with Ancient Greek οἶμα (oîma, “a rush”).

Noun

*HáyšHmah m

1. anger, wrath

Inflection

masculine a-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*HáyšHmah	*HáyšHmā(w)	*HáyšHmāh(ah)
vocative	*HáyšHma	*HáyšHmā(w)	*HáyšHmāh(ah)
accusative	*HáyšHmam	*HáyšHmā(w)	*HáyšHmānh
instrumental	*HáyšHmaH	*HáyšHmaybʰyā(m)	*HáyšHmāyš
ablative	*HáyšHmāt	*HáyšHmaybʰyā(m)	*HáyšHmaybʰyah
dative	*HáyšHmāy	*HáyšHmaybʰyā(m)	*HáyšHmaybʰyah
genitive	*HáyšHmahya	*HáyšHmayāh	*HáyšHmānaHam
locative	*HáyšHmay	*HáyšHmayaw	*HáyšHmayšu

Descendants

• Central Iranian:
  • Avestan: 𐬀𐬉𐬱𐬆𐬨𐬀 (aēšəma), 𐬀𐬉𐬴𐬨𐬀 (aēṣ̌ma) — Young Avestan
• Northwestern Iranian:
  • Northern Kurdish: hov (“wild”)
• Southwestern Iranian:
  • Middle Persian: (/⁠xēšm⁠/)

    Manichaean script: 𐫟𐫏𐫢𐫖 (xyšm), 𐫟𐫏𐫏𐫢𐫖 (xyyšm)

    Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾyšm)

    • Persian: خشم (xašm)