Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/cáyuš

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćáyuš, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱéy-u-s, from *ḱey- (“to be lying down; to settle”) +‎ *-us.

Noun

*cáyuš m

orphan

Inflection

masculine u-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*cáyuš	*cáyuH	*cáyawah
vocative	*cáyaw	*cáyuH	*cáyawah
accusative	*cáyum	*cáyuH	*cáyunš
instrumental	*cáyuH	*cáyubʰyā(m)	*cáyubʰiš
ablative	*cáyawš	*cáyubʰyā(m)	*cáyubʰyah
dative	*cáyaway	*cáyubʰyā(m)	*cáyubʰyah
genitive	*cáyawš	*cáyuwāh	*cáyuHnaHam
locative	*cáyāw	*cáyuwaw	*cáyušu

Derived terms

*cáyučarah^[1]
- Sanglechi: [script needed] (saγēr)
- Proto-Scythian:
  - Ossetian: сидзӕр (siʒær)
  - Wakhi: səɣira
- Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami-Munji: *sæɣīr
  - Proto-Munji-Yidgha: *saɣīr
    - Munji: [script needed] (saɣīr)
    - Yidgha: [script needed] (səɣīr)
  - Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami: *sæɣīr
    - Shughni: сағӣр (saɣīr)
    - Yazghulami: сағера (saɣera), сағир (saɣir)
- Sogdian: 𐫘𐫡𐫀𐫐 (srʾk)

Descendants

Central Iranian:
- Younger Avestan: 𐬯𐬀𐬉 (saē)
Northeastern Iranian:
- Proto-Saka: *saywi^[2]^[3]
  - Khotanese: [script needed] (syūtä) (< earlier *syūvä)
- Sogdian: [Syriac needed] (sywq)
Northwestern Iranian:
- Northern Kurdish: sêwî, sîwî
- Parthian: 𐫘𐫏𐫇𐫃 (sywg), 𐫘𐫏𐫏𐫇𐫃 (syywg /⁠sēwag⁠/)
Southwestern Iranian:
- Middle Persian: 𐫘𐫙𐫏𐫇𐫃𐫀𐫗 pl (sʿywgʾn /⁠sēwagan⁠/)

Balochi سیوَگ (sēwag, "orphan")

References

^ Lubotsky, Alexander (2011), “śayú-”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University
^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992–2001), “śayú-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag
^ Bailey, H. W. (1979), “syūtä”, in Dictionary of Khotan Saka, Cambridge, London, New York, Melbourne: Cambridge University press, page 437b

[1] Lubotsky, Alexander (2011), “śayú-”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University

[2] Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992–2001), “śayú-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag

[3] Bailey, H. W. (1979), “syūtä”, in Dictionary of Khotan Saka, Cambridge, London, New York, Melbourne: Cambridge University press, page 437b

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