Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/kacyápah

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *kaćyápas. Cognate with Sanskrit कश्यप (kaśyápa).

Noun

*kacyápah m

1. tortoise, turtle

Inflection

masculine a-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*kacyápah	*kacyápā(w)	*kacyápāh(ah)
vocative	*kacyápa	*kacyápā(w)	*kacyápāh(ah)
accusative	*kacyápam	*kacyápā(w)	*kacyápānh
instrumental	*kacyápaH	*kacyápaybʰyā(m)	*kacyápāyš
ablative	*kacyápāt	*kacyápaybʰyā(m)	*kacyápaybʰyah
dative	*kacyápāy	*kacyápaybʰyā(m)	*kacyápaybʰyah
genitive	*kacyápahya	*kacyápayāh	*kacyápānaHam
locative	*kacyápay	*kacyápayaw	*kacyápayšu

Descendants

• Central Iranian:
  • Younger Avestan: 𐬐𐬀𐬯𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬞𐬀 (kasiiapa)
• Northeastern Iranian:
  • Khotanese: [script needed] (khuysaa)
  • Sogdian: [script needed] (kyšph /⁠kiš(a)p⁠/)
  • Ossetian: хӕфс (xæfs) / хӕфсӕ (xæfsæ)
• Southeastern Iranian:
  • Parachi: kasabaka
  • Pashto: کشپ (kišáb, kašáb), کيشپ (kišë́p), کيشو (kišáw)
• Northwestern Iranian:
  • Baluchi: [script needed] (kāsip), [script needed] (kāsib)
  • Kurdish:

    Central Kurdish: کیسەڵ (kîsell), کێسەڵ (kêsell)

    Northern Kurdish: kîsel, kîso, kusî, kûsî, kûsel, kûso

    Southern Kurdish: کەسا (kesa), کیسەڵ (kîsell)

    Laki: کەسەڵ (kesell)

  • Southern Tati: [script needed] (kasuya), [script needed] (kasawa)
  • Zaza-Gorani:

    Gurani: کیسەڵی (kīsałī)

    Zazaki: kesa

• Southwestern Iranian:
  • Middle Persian:

    Book Pahlavi: [script needed] (kšwk /⁠kašawag⁠/)

    • Classical Persian: کشف (kašaf)
  • Lurish:
    • Northern Luri: کؽسںل (kısəl)