Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/kawfáh

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

Possibly from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kawpʰas, from Proto-Indo-European *kowpéh₂-s ~ *kowph₂-és, from *kowp-éh₂ (“hump”), from *kew-p-, from *kew- (“bend”). Cognate with Kamkata-viri kū, Prasuni kū (“hump”).

Noun

*kawfáh

1. mountain

Descendants

• Central Iranian:
  • Younger Avestan: 𐬐𐬀𐬊𐬟𐬀 (kaofa)
• Northeastern Iranian:
  • Ossetian:

    Digor Ossetian: хонх (xonx)

    Iron Ossetian: хох (xox)

  • Yagnobi: [script needed] (kʉʰ)
• Southeastern Iranian:
  • Ormuri: [script needed] (kọ̄)
  • Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami-Munji:
    • Munji: [script needed] (kifa)
    • Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami:
      • Shughni: [script needed] (kū)
      • Vanji: [Term?] (kub)
• Northwestern Iranian:
  • Baluchi: [script needed] (kōpag)
  • Kurdish:

    Central Kurdish: کێو (kêw)

    Northern Kurdish: kov-, kûv- (in kovî, kûvî (“wild”))

    Southern Kurdish: کۊە (küe)

    Laki: کۊی (küy)

  • Proto-Medo-Parthian:
    • Parthian: [script needed] (qwp), [script needed] (kwp), [script needed] (qwf), [script needed] (kwf /⁠kōf⁠/)
    • Zazaki: ko (kō)
• Southwestern Iranian:
  • Kumzari: كُو (kō)
  • Old Persian: 𐎣𐎢𐎳 (k-u-f /⁠kaufa⁠/)
    • Middle Persian:

      Manichaean script: 𐫐𐫇𐫛 (kwp), 𐫞𐫇𐫛 (qwp), 𐫐𐫇𐫜 (kwf)

      Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (kwp)

      • Classical Persian: کوه (kōh)
        • Iranian Persian: کوه (kuh)
        • Tajik: кӯҳ (küh)
        • → Aynu: کوه (kox)
        • → Hindi: कोह (koh)
        • → Kashmiri: کۄہ (kọh), کۆہ (koh)
        • → Urdu: کوہ (koh)
        • → Yagnobi: кӯҳ (küh)
• → Old Armenian: -կոհ (-koh) in Կապկոհ (Kapkoh, “Caucasus”)
• → Aynu: [script needed] (kox)