Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/fakjō
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This Proto-Italic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Italic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From earlier *θakjō, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰh₁k-yé-ti (“make”), an extended form of *dʰeh₁- (“to put, place, set”).[1]
Verb
[edit]*fakjō first-singular present indicative[2]
- to make
Inflection
[edit]| Inflection of *fakjō (third conjugation jō-variant) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Present | *fakjō / *fakimi | ||
| Perfect | *fefakai | ||
| Aorist | *fēkom | ||
| Past participle | *faktos | ||
| Present indicative | Active | Passive | |
| 1st sing. | *fakjō / *fakimi | *fakjōr | |
| 2nd sing. | *fakis / *fakisi | *fakizo | |
| 3rd sing. | *fakit / *fakiti | *fakitor | |
| 1st plur. | *fakimos / *fakimos | *fakimor | |
| 2nd plur. | *fakites / *fakites | — | |
| 3rd plur. | *fakjont / *fakiont | *fakjontor | |
| Present subjunctive | Active | Passive | |
| 1st sing. | — | — | |
| 2nd sing. | *fakjēs | *fakjēzo? | |
| 3rd sing. | *fakjēd | *fakjētor | |
| 1st plur. | *fakjēmos? | *fakjēmor | |
| 2nd plur. | *fakjētes | *fakjēmanoi? | |
| 3rd plur. | *fakjēnt? | *fakjēntor | |
| Present optative | Active | Passive | |
| 1st sing. | *fakjām | *fakjār | |
| 2nd sing. | *fakjās | *fakjāzo | |
| 3rd sing. | *fakjād | *fakjātor | |
| 1st plur. | *fakjāmos | *fakjāmor | |
| 2nd plur. | *fakjātes | *fakjāmanoi? | |
| 3rd plur. | *fakjānd | *fakjāntor | |
| Perfect indicative | Active | ||
| 1st sing. | *fefakai | ||
| 2nd sing. | *fefakistai | ||
| 3rd sing. | *fefakei | ||
| 1st plur. | *fefakme | ||
| 2nd plur. | *fefake | ||
| 3rd plur. | *fefakēri | ||
| Aorist indicative | Active | ||
| 1st sing. | *fēkom | ||
| 2nd sing. | *fēkes | ||
| 3rd sing. | *fēked | ||
| 1st plur. | *fakome | ||
| 2nd plur. | *fakete | ||
| 3rd plur. | *fakond | ||
| Present imperative | Active | Passive | |
| 2nd sing. | *faki | *fakizo | |
| 2nd plur. | *fakite | — | |
| Future imperative | Active | ||
| 2nd + 3rd sing. | *fakitōd | ||
| Participles | Present | Past | |
| *fakints | *faktos | ||
| Verbal nouns | tu-derivative | s-derivative | |
| *faktum | *fakizi | ||
| The optative is only classified as such because it might reflect the PIE optative. However, the etymology of these formations is disputed, and it would evolve into the subjunctive in both Latin and Sabellic. The regular PIE subjunctive is the source of the Latin future.
The reconstructions on the left side of the slash obey the sound laws outlined by Meiser (2017), Fortson (2017), Weiss (2009), and Weiss (2022). The reconstructions on the right side of the slash adhere to the rules accepted by Schrijver (1991), Schrijver (2003), De Vaan (2008), and De Vaan (2011). | |||
Related terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- Faliscan:
- Old Latin: 𐌅𐌄𐌂𐌄𐌃 (fēced, 3.sg.perf.act.ind.), 𐌅𐌇𐌄⁝𐌅𐌇𐌀𐌊𐌄𐌃 (fhe(⁝)fhakēd / vhe(⁝)vhakēd, 3.sg.perf.act.ind.)
- Marrucinian: feced (3.sg.perf.act.ind.)
- Marsian: fecront (3.pl.perf.act.ind.)
- Oscan:
- factud (3.sg.pres.act.imp.)
- 𐌚𐌀𐌊𐌉𐌝𐌀𐌃 (fakiíad, 3.sg.pres.act.subj.)
- fefacid (3.sg.perf.act.subj.)
- fefacust (3.sg.fut.perf.act.)
- facus estud (masc.fut.pass.imp.)
- Umbrian:
- 𐌚𐌄𐌕𐌖 (fetu)
- Venetic: 𐌅𐌇𐌀𐌙𐌔𐌕𐌏 (vhagsto), 𐌇𐌅𐌀𐌙𐌔𐌕𐌏 (fagsto), 𐌅𐌇𐌀𐌔𐌕𐌏 (vhasto)
- Volscian: façia
- >? Pre-Samnite: fεfικεδ (fefiked)
References
[edit]- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “faciō, -ere”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 198-9
- ^ Olander, T., editor (2022), The Indo-European Language Family: A Phylogenetic Perspective, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, , →ISBN, page 118: “*fakitōd < *faki̯etōd”